纳米塑料对水生与陆生生物的毒理研究进展  

Toxicology of Nanoplastics to Aquatic and Terrestrial Organism:A Critical Review

作　　者：洪文涛 李振宇 吴帆 曹梦西[2] 赵浩斌[1] HONG Wen-tao;LI Zhen-yu;WU Fan;CAO Meng-xi;ZHAO Hao-bin(School of Life Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Environment and Health,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学生命科学学院,武汉430079 [2]江汉大学环境与健康学院,武汉430056

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第3期1868-1884,共17页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22241604);持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(PTS2023-03)。

摘　　要：微塑料(MPs)和纳米塑料(NPs)污染已逐渐成为全球关注的环境问题.纳米塑料很容易在表面吸附其它有毒污染物甚至病原体,并将它们一同带进生物体内.被生物体摄入以后,纳米塑料会在生物体组织器官内累积,甚至可以通过子代传递的方式进入它们的子代体内,从而影响子代的生长和发育.纳米塑料的这种跨代转移加深了人们对其毒性的担忧.综述了纳米塑料进入生物体内的方式、不同暴露途径下纳米塑料在生物体内的分布规律以及蛋白冠对纳米塑料分布的影响.另一方面,总结了不同性质的纳米塑料在不同暴露途径下对生物体产生的毒性效应及其分子机制,以期为纳米塑料对生物体的毒性作用,甚至影响人类健康方面的研究提供参考.Microplastics(MPs)and nanoplastics(NPs)pollution have gradually become a global environment issue.Due to the vast surface area of NPs,environmental pollutants tend to adhere to the surface of NPs and enter into the body of organisms.After being taken in,NPs would accumulate in the organs of the biosome or transfer into the body of their offspring,hampering the health of the offspring.This paper reviews the way NPs enter different organisms,how NPs accumulate in the body of the biosome under different exposure methods,and the role of protein corona in terms of NPs accumulation.Moreover,this paper reviews the toxicological effects and their mechanisms posed by different NPs to the biosome through different exposure approaches.It provides reference to future research on the toxicological effects,environmental risk,and even the possible human health threat of NPs.

关 键 词：纳米塑料(NPs) 活体内 分布规律 毒理机制 蛋白冠 

分 类 号：X174.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X174