明清广东碣石城形态及功能的演变  

Changes of formation and function of Jieshi Town in Guangdong province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：姚豪兵 吴宏岐[1] Yao Haobing;Wu Hongqi(Center for Historical Geographical Studies,Jinan University,510632)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史地理研究中心,广东广州510632

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2025年第1期85-97,共13页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“明清广东海防地理史料的整理与研究”(20VJXT004);广州市哲学社科规划2024年度课题“明清岭南治所城市山水人文空间格局营造研究”(2024GZQN24)。

摘　　要：明清时期广东东路海防重镇碣石城的形态和功能均经历了明显的演变过程。明初在广东惠州府海丰县沿海设立碣石卫,碣石卫城属于单一军事城堡性质。嘉靖年间,为应对倭寇的侵扰,在碣石卫城西南侧兴建了具有民城性质的石桥场城,组成具有军民双城形态的碣石城,碣石城的经济功能明显增强。清初在原碣石卫城西面近海地方新建碣石镇城,碣石城再次恢复到单城形态,不过已演变成军民融合发展的新型城市。晚清以来,随着碣石城海防区位重要性降低和军事地位下降以及港口交通环境恶化,碣石城渐趋衰落。明清时期碣石城形态与功能的演变反映了这一时期东南沿海卫所城镇发展演变的某些共同特点,与九边卫所城镇有不同之处。Jieshi town(碣石镇)was an important garrison for fortifying coastal defense in Guangdong donglu(广东东路)during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,while its urban formation and function changed obviously.In the early Ming Dynasty,Jieshi Wei(碣石卫)was built as military fort that adjoined to the coast of Haifeng county,Huizhou prefecture,Guangdong province.During Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty,the Shiqiaochang town(石桥场城)was built in the southwest Jieshi Wei to defense the invasion of pirates,which came into being compound form and intensified the urban economic function.In the early Qing Dynasty,Jieshi Wei was abandoned and Jieshi town was built in the west.Jieshi town returned to simplex form,but its function has changed to integrate military with civilian development.Since the late Qing Dynasty,Jieshi town has gradually declined because coastal defense tended to be insignificant and commercial and economic development of Jieshi Port was impacted by poor traffic conditions.The evolution of the form and function of Jieshi town in Ming and Qing Dynasties could reflect some common characteristics with Weisuo towns(卫所城镇)along the southeast coast,as well as the differences with Weisuo towns of Jiubian(九边).

关 键 词：明清时期 碣石城 城池形态 功能演变 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]