哲学中的时代与时代中的哲学——改变世界的哲学何以可能  

Philosophical Eras and Philosophy of the Era:How Is It Possible to Be the Philosophy of Changing the World

作　　者：夏莹[1] XIA Ying

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期45-60,234,235,共18页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目(20ZDA24)。

摘　　要：自德国古典哲学以来,时代被纳入哲学的反思之中,构筑了一种区别于“描述性的历史学”(Historie)的“理性历史”(Geschichte),理性成为历史哲学的本质规定,哲学研究试图寻求历史的理性化进程,并把“时代”纳入其研究对象。这一思想进路深刻地影响了马克思并促成了唯物史观的形成与发展。然而,在如何理解哲学与时代的关系问题上,德国古典哲学和马克思哲学却产生了根本性的差异:德国古典哲学所构想的时代仅仅是被体系性的理性规定的时代,对时代的改造因此成为理性体系的自我改造;马克思则建基于社会现实的优先性,凸显了哲学与时代之间存在的错位,建构唯物史观,揭示出现实的具体时代独立于观念体系的客观性。原本作为理性发展环节的“哲学中的时代”由此转变为“时代中的哲学”,为“改变世界”的现实革命提供了理论上的可能性保障。Since classical German philosophy,era has been incorporated into philosophical reflection,constructing a"Geschichte"(rational history)that differs from the"Historie"(descriptive history).Rationality has become the essentials of historical philosophy,and philosophical research attempts to seek the rationalization of history and incorporate"era"into its research object.This ideological approach profoundly influenced Marx and contributed to the formation and development of the materialist conception of history.However,in terms of how to understand the relationship between philosophy and its era,there are fundamental differences between German classical philosophy and Marxist philosophy:the era envisioned by German classical philosophy is only an era defined by systematic rationality,and the transformation of the era thus becomes the self transformation of the rational system;Marx,on the other hand,based on the priority of social reality,highlighted the dislocation between philosophy and the era,constructed a materialist conception of history,and revealed the objectivity of the specific social reality independent of the conceptual system.The"era of philosophy"that was originally a link of rational development has now transformed into"philosophy of the era",providing theoretical possibilities for the real revolution of"changing the world".

关 键 词：历史哲学 时代 改变世界 唯物史观 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]