古蒙古语月名札记  

Notes on the Names of the Months in Old Mongolian

作　　者：特木勒 希都日古[2] Temur;Shudarga(School of History,Nanjing University,210008;School of Mongolian Studies,Inner Mongolian University,010021)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,210008 [2]内蒙古大学蒙古学学院,010021

出　　处：《中国蒙古学(蒙文)》2025年第1期32-47,225,共17页CHINA MONGOLIAN STUDIES

摘　　要：在古代蒙古游牧社会中,具有一整套独特而完善的月名体系,并且相关学术研究也有非常悠久的历史。基于前人研究,并发掘利用新史料,将得出以下三个结论:首先,元明时期的史料证明,至迟到元代这套月名与汉地太阴历的月名已相契合;其次,发掘利用伊利汗国的多语种词典《国王字典》记录的月名,证明元朝与伊利汗国共享同一套月名体系;再次,虽然汉语“闰月”之名被借用至回鹘契约文书以及黑水城蒙古语文书之中,但是与其对应的蒙古语独特的名称,即“纽蛮撒剌”仍被延用。In ancient Mongolian nomadic society,there existed a unique and comprehensive system of month names,and related academic studies have a long history.Based on previous research and new historical materials,the following three conclusions can be drawn:First,historical records from the Yuan and Ming periods demonstrate that no later than Yuan dynasty,the Mongolian system of month names had already been a-ligned with the lunar calendar used in the Central Plains(China);Second,the multi-lingual Kings Dictionary of the Ukhanate records month names that show the Yuan dynasty and the Ilkhanate shared the same system of month names;Third,although the Chinese term for"Runyue(extra month)"was borrowed into Uighur contractual documents and the Mongolian manuscripts of Kharhot City,the unique Mongolian term—Noomal Sar corresponding to it continued to be used.

关 键 词：月名 蒙古语 《至元译语》 《华夷译语》 《国王字典》 《元朝秘史》 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]