从形式到实质:刑事电子数据的质证  

From Form to Substance: Cross-examination of Electronic Data in Criminal Trials

作　　者：汪海燕[1] WANG Haiyan(Law School,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《法学论坛》2025年第1期5-15,共11页Legal Forum

摘　　要：相对于电子数据的取证和认证,我国立法和相关研究对于其质证缺乏应有的关注,实践中电子数据的质证亦具有形式化的倾向。此种状况不仅无法有效保障被追诉人的质证权,也与推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革、落实庭审实质化的要求相悖。除了与其他类型证据的质证呈现共性之外,刑事电子数据在质证对象、质证主体以及保障性程序方面均呈现独有的特质性。缺乏对其特质性的把握,包括质证的专业化和有效性不足,有专门知识的人难以有效参与,以及数字证据开示程序缺位,是我国电子数据质证形式化的主要成因。为实现电子数据质证的实质化,应当从明晰质证要点,确保有专门知识的人有效参与,建立电子数据开示制度等维度完善我国电子数据质证制度。China's legislation and related studies pay insufficient attention to the cross-examination of electronic data,which also tends to be formalized in practice when compared to the fields of forensics and authentication.This situation violates the accused's right to cross-examination,as well as the trial-centered litigation reform and trial substantiation requirements.In addition to the similarities with other sorts of evidence,electronic data has distinct characteristics regarding the object and the subject of criminal cross-examination,and the safeguard procedures.The formalization of electronic data cross-examination in China is mainly caused by a lack of understanding of its characteristics,including the absence of specialization and effectiveness in cross-exami-nation,the ineffective participation of persons with expertise,and the absence of digital evidence discovery procedures.To en-hance the substantive cross-examination of electronic data,China's electronic data cross-examination system should clarify criti-cal points,engage the effective participation of persons with expertise,and establish an electronic evidence discovery system.

关 键 词：电子数据 质证对象 有专门知识的人 证据开示 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]