乌东德水库变动回水区磷迁移转化规律研究  

Phosphorus Migration and Transformation Rule in Variable Backwater Area of Wudongde Reservoir

作　　者：於金浩 李斐[1] 樊皓[1] 张登成 吴比 王中敏[1] 卢晶莹 YU Jinhao;LI Fei;FAN Hao;ZHANG Dengcheng;WU Bi;WANG Zhongmin;LU Jingying(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan,430051,China;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Beijing,101100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江水资源保护科学研究所,武汉430051 [2]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,北京101100

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2025年第1期34-44,共11页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：“乌东德库尾河段水环境监测应急预警体系项目”(JGGJ0424013)。

摘　　要：为解决水利工程建设带来的水环境安全风险,达到服务安澜长江的战略目标,本文开展乌东德水库变动回水区特征污染物迁移转化规律的研究。通过室内静态批量实验、模拟动态槽实验的耦合,揭示特征污染物磷在水体及沉积物中迁移转化、吸附解吸机理,利用反应动力学模型拟合识别,吸附、解吸过程均更符合准二级动力学模型,反应速率分别为0.225 g/(mg·min)和0.599 g/(mg·min),表明沉积物对磷的吸附、解吸过程受物理和化学两个过程的调控。进一步研究发现,沉积物颗粒通过比表面积影响磷的吸附、解析过程;pH为中性时,基本不影响磷的吸附解吸过程;温度和扰动与磷吸附解吸过程呈现正相关;泥沙浓度则通过占据吸附位点等对磷的吸附过程产生较大的影响,而不影响解吸过程。此外,淹土壤带磷释放的过程是一个磷污染物释放曲线叠加的过程,实际工作中应重点关注蓄水初期磷的释放。To address water environment safety risks associated with water conservancy projects and to align with the strategic objec⁃tives to ensure the stability of the Yangze River,this paper conducted an investigation into the migration and transformation pat⁃terns of characteristic pollutants within the fluctuating backwater region of the Wudongde Reservoir.By employing a combination of laboratory static batch experiments and simulated dynamic tank tests,the migration and transformation of the characteristic pollut⁃ant phosphorus within water and sediment matrices,along with its adsorption and desorption mechanisms,were elucidated.A reac⁃tion kinetics model was utilized to identify the adsorption and desorption processes which follow better the quasi-second-order ki⁃netic model,with reaction rates of 0.225g/(mg·min)and 0.599g/(mg·min),respectively,indicating that the adsorption and desorp⁃tion processes of phosphorus in sediments are regulated by both physical and chemical processes.Further analysis reveals that sedi⁃ment particle characteristics,such as specific surface area,sediment particles influence the adsorption and desorption of phospho⁃rus through their specific surface area.With minimal impact observed under neutral pH conditions.Additionally,temperature and disturbance are found to positively correlate with phosphorus adsorption and desorption rates,while sediment concentration primari⁃ly affects phosphorus adsorption by occupying available adsorption sites,but does not influence the desorption process.Importantly,the significance of early-stage phosphorus release during water storage was underscored,emphasizing the importance of targeted mitigation strategies.

关 键 词：高坝水库 变动回水区 磷 反应动力学 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]