低盐度下亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾毒性与抗氧化能力的影响  

Effects of nitrite exposure on the toxicity and antioxidant capability of Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity

作　　者：王澳林 姜玉声[1] 邢燕露 王成杰 焦宁 孙娜 WANG Aolin;JIANG Yusheng;XING Yanlu;WANG Chengjie;JIAO Ning;SUN Na(Dalian Key Laboratory of Breeding,Reproduction and Aquaculture of Crustaceans,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian,Liaoning 116023,China;Research&Development Center,Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co.,Ltd.,Panjin,Liaoning 124200,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学大连市虾蟹繁育与健康养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司,辽宁盘锦124200

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2025年第2期116-122,共7页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”项目(2022YFE0117900);2023辽宁省科技重大专项种质创新工程(2024JH1/11700009);辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(LJ222410158050);2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目。

摘　　要：为探究低盐度条件下亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)急性毒性及其氧化应激的影响,在盐度为1的水体中进行了急性毒性试验,测定质量浓度4 mg/L和8 mg/L的亚硝酸盐暴露和换水恢复期间凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化指标,记录恢复24 h后对虾的存活率、蜕壳率、摄食时间。结果显示,当盐度为1时,亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC 50)分别为15.96、9.97、7.54和5.25 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.53 mg/L。经不同质量浓度亚硝酸盐胁迫后,凡纳滨对虾血淋巴超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,显著高于0 h时(P<0.05);暴露3、6 h后,8 mg/L组的肝胰腺SOD活性显著高于4 mg/L组(P<0.05)。凡纳滨对虾血淋巴和肝胰腺谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性升高,暴露3、6 h后,8 mg/L组GSH-Px的活性均显著高于4 mg/L组(P<0.05);血淋巴过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,4 mg/L组在6、24 h时的CAT活性显著低于0 h时(P<0.05),肝胰腺CAT活性则呈现波动,24 h后试验组CAT活性显著高于0 h时(P<0.05),暴露24 h后,8 mg/L组的CAT活性显著高于4 mg/L组(P<0.05)。将试验虾转至不添加亚硝酸盐的养殖用水中恢复24 h后,其肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量仍显著高于0 h时(P<0.05),其中8 mg/L组MDA含量显著高于4 mg/L组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2个试验组对虾(F24)存活率下降,蜕壳率显著升高(P<0.05),摄食时间显著延长(P<0.05),其中8 mg/L组存活率显著低于4 mg/L组(P<0.05),而其摄食时间显著长于4 mg/L组(P<0.05)。结果表明,在低盐度养殖水体中,亚硝酸盐毒性较强,对凡纳滨对虾抗氧化能力有显著影响。To explore the effects of nitrite on the acute toxicity and oxidative stress of Litopenaeus vannamei under low salinity conditions,an acute toxicity test of nitrite on L.vannamei was conducted in water with salinity of 1.The antioxidant indexes of shrimp were measured during nitrite exposure(4 mg/L,8 mg/L)and recovery periods.The survival rate,molting rate,and feeding time of shrimps were recorded after 24 h recovery.The results showed that LC 50(median lethal concentration)of nitrite for L.vannamei at 24,48,72 and 96 h were 15.96,9.97,7.54,and 5.25 mg/L at a salinity of 1,respectively,and the safe concentration(SC)was 0.53 mg/L.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the hemolymph of shrimp increased after exposure to different concentrations of nitrite,and was significantly higher than that before exposure to nitrite(P<0.05).The SOD activity in the hepatopancreas of shrimp treated with 8 mg/L nitrite for 3 and 6 h was significantly higher than that in the 4 mg/L group(P<0.05).The glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity in hemolymph and hepatopancreas also increased,and GSH-Px activity in the 8 mg/L nitrite treatment group was significantly higher than that in the 4 mg/L group for 6 h(P<0.05).The catalase(CAT)activity in the hemolymph decreased after 4 mg/L nitrite treatment for 6 and 24 h,and it was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05).The CAT activity in the hepatopancreas fluctuated and was significantly higher after 24 h treatment(P<0.05).The CAT activity in the shrimp with 8 mg/L nitrite treatment for 24 h was significantly higher than that in the 4 mg/L group(P<0.05).After being transferred to fresh culture water without adding nitrite for 24 h(F24),the malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the hepatopancreas was still significantly higher than that without nitrite treatment(P<0.05).MDA content in 8 mg/L nitrite treatment group was significantly higher than that in the 4 mg/L group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group with fresh culture water,the survival rate of shrimps in 4 and 8 mg/L gr

关 键 词：亚硝酸盐 凡纳滨对虾 低盐度 毒性 抗氧化能力 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]