库布齐沙漠生物结皮蓝藻和绿藻物种多样性及分子生物学鉴定  

Diversity and Molecular Biological Identification of Biological Crust Cyanobacteria and Green Algae Species in Kubuqi Desert

作　　者：刘悦 徐杰[1,2] 杜玲 何玉萍[1] 刘雪锋 尹强 孟元发[4] LIU Yue;XU Jie;DU Ling;HE Yuping;LIU Xuefeng;YIN Qiang;MENG Yuanfa(College of Science and Technologyn,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010021,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010021,P.R.China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science,Hohhot 010010,P.R.China;Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS,Hohhot 010010,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古自治区高等学校生物多样性保护与可持续利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2025年第3期421-431,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划(2021GG0366);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2022LHMS03008);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN03047)。

摘　　要：人工培育生物结皮技术是荒漠化防治的一项新技术,优良藻种选育为构建人工生物结皮的关键。采集库布齐沙漠生物结皮蓝藻门、绿藻门的物种进行形态鉴定,采用计数法统计不同植被、不同季节生物结皮蓝藻和绿藻物种的丰富度及优势藻组成,运用分子生物学方法验证20个纯化藻株的系统发育位置,为库布齐沙漠人工构建生物结皮优良藻种的筛选提供理论基础。结果显示,1)库布齐沙漠生物结皮共有蓝、绿藻14科27属78种,其中蓝藻5科10属40种,绿藻9科17属38种,不同植被和季节生物结皮藻类物种丰富度存在显著差异。人工修复植被藻类物种丰富度显著高于自然发育植被,围封植被藻类物种丰富度显著低于未围封植被,冬季藻类物种丰富度显著低于春、夏、秋季。2)库布齐沙漠生物结皮优势藻在属水平上基本相似,蓝藻主要为鞘丝藻属(Lyngbya)、颤藻属(Oscillatoria)、微鞘藻属(Microcolus)等,绿藻为小球藻属(Chlorella)、衣藻属(Chlamydomonas)、栅藻属(Scenedesmus)等。其中,蓝藻栖藓鞘丝藻(Lyngbya mucicola)、柔细颤藻(Oscillatoria subtilissima)、具鞘微鞘藻(Microcolus vaginatus)、微鞘藻(Microcolus sp.)和绿藻小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、马拉蒙衣藻(Chlamydomonas maramuresensis)、爪哇栅藻(Scenedesmus javaensis)和扁盘栅藻(Scenedesmus platydiscus)为库布齐沙漠优势藻。3)对20个纯化藻株进行了形态特征描述和核糖体内部转录间隔区(ITS)测序,并基于检测数据构建了2株蓝藻和18株绿藻系统发育树,验证了其系统发育的位置。Due to the strong interference of global warming and human activities,arid and semi-arid regions in China are facing a series of ecological and environmental issues.The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a major sandy region in China.The Kubuqi Desert,situated in the north of the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia and being the desert closest to Beijing,holds a pivotal position in the fields of desert ecology that cannot be underestimated.Biological soil crusts play multifaceted ecological roles in desert ecosystems.Moss crusts,which represent an advanced stage of biological crust succession,contribute significantly to desertification control.However,biological crusts formed through natural succession are characterized by slow development and are highly susceptible to interference and damage.The artificial cultivation of biological crusts has emerged as a novel approach to desertification control,relying on the intricate interactions between biological and abiotic factors.Algal crusts possess a variety of ecological functions,such as improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil,enhancing enzyme activity,and accelerating ecological restoration.Cyanobacteria and green algae are the principal desert algae that play crucial roles in the ecological functions of algal crusts.The formation and development of artificial algal crusts can facilitate the succession of biological crusts,leading to relatively rapid emergence of stable moss crusts.The selection and breeding of excellent algal strains are fundamental to the construction of artificial biological crusts.However,the research on the diversity of algal components in the biological crusts of the Kubuqi Desert has received insufficient attention,and there is a dearth of relevant theories and practices regarding the artificial cultivation of biological crusts.In this study,in June,August,October,and December 2023,well-developed biological crust samples were systematically collected from open areas of Stipa gobic and Stipa glareosa vegetation,Artemisia ordos

关 键 词：库布齐沙漠 生物结皮 优势藻 形态 核糖体内部转录间隔区(ITS) 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X176