汉语空间范畴到程度范畴的范畴化及类型学研究——以“到头”为例  

The Categorization and Typological Studies from the Space Category to the Degree Category as Exemplified by“Daotou”in Chinese

作　　者：梁吉平 葛媛媛 LIANG Jiping;GE Yuanyuan(School of Literature and Communication,Huizhou University,Huizhou 516007,China;College of Literature,Hebei University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州学院文学与传媒学院,广东惠州516007 [2]河北大学文学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》2025年第2期90-101,共12页Journal of Ningbo University:Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“范畴化视角下的汉语条件范畴历史演变”(22FYYB021);惠州市教育科研项目“初中语文主题式自主阅读课堂模式的实践与研究”(2023hzkt466);惠州学院教授、博士科研启动项目“汉语条件范畴历史演变研究”(2023JB011)。

摘　　要：考察“到头”从空间范畴到程度范畴的历史演变过程,“到头”的程度补语用法是隐喻认知、主观化表达和重新分析共同作用的结果。隐喻映射推动空间顶点向程度极点的概念转移,形成“空间域→程度域”的语义虚化路径;主观化进程促使“到头”从描述客观位移转向表达说话者主观评价;非常规语义组配的重新分析则推动其语义进一步虚化。“到头”的演变过程揭示了汉语语法化中空间范畴向程度范畴转化的共性规律。结合汉语方言、民族语及外语进行类型学考察,可以发现世界语言中存在空间范畴向程度范畴演变的范畴化发展共性。The article examines the diachronic categorization of“dao tou”from space category to degree category.It finds that the usage of“dao tou”as a degree complement is the result of the combined effects of metaphorical cognition,subjectification and reanalysis.Metaphorical mapping facilitates the conceptual shift from spatial vertex to degree extreme,forming a semantic bleaching pathway from the spatial domain to the degree domain.The process of subjectification drives“dao tou”from an objective description of movement to an expression of the speaker’s subjective evaluation.Furthermore,reanalysis of unconventional semantic collocations further promotes its semantic bleaching.The evolution of“dao tou”reveals a general pattern in the grammaticalization of Chinese,in which spatial categories transform into degree categories.A typological investigation incorporating Chinese dialects,ethnic minority languages,and foreign languages suggests that the shift from spatial categories to degree categories is a common developmental pattern across languages worldwide.

关 键 词：“到头” 范畴化 空间范畴 程度范畴 类型学 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]