5种禽蛋蛋黄脂质成分比较  

Lipid analysis of five kinds of poultry egg yolks

作　　者：杨晨晔 韩伟 王春梅[1] 杨丹[1] YANG Chenye;HAN Wei;WANG Chunmei;YANG Dan(Central Laboratory,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院中心实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《常州大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期36-42,共7页Journal of Changzhou University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省农业科学院科学仪器开放共享自主研究课题(47012105)。

摘　　要：研究普通鸡蛋、草鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鸽子蛋和鹌鹑蛋这5种禽蛋蛋黄中脂质成分的差异。利用液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry,LC-QTOF-MS),在电喷雾电离源(Electron Spray Ionization,ESI)模式下对5种禽蛋蛋黄中的脂质进行定性分析,并对质谱数据进行主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和热图分析。结果显示,普通鸡蛋、草鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鸽子蛋和鹌鹑蛋中分别检测出237,287,266,316,278种脂质分子,共351种脂质,以甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)类、磷脂酰胆碱(Phosphatidylcho line,PC)类和磷脂酰乙醇胺(Phosphatidylethanolamine,PE)类为主,占总数的70.9%。结合PCA和热图结果,普通鸡蛋的脂质种类和含量最少;在5种禽蛋中,不饱和磷脂酰胆碱类含量最多的为鸭蛋,醚磷脂酰乙醇胺类含量最多的为鸽子蛋;不同禽蛋中TG类分子的含量与其总碳原子数(Carbon number,N_(C))有关。当N_(C)≤52时,TG类最多的是草鸡蛋,当53≤N_(C)≤56时,TG类最多的是鸽子蛋,当N_(C)≥57时,TG最多的是鸭蛋。5种禽蛋中脂质成分和含量存在差异,差异主要集中在甘油三酯类、磷脂酰胆碱类、醚磷脂酰乙醇胺类物质。To study the differences in lipids in 5 kinds of poultry egg yolks,namely,common chicken eggs,free-range chicken eggs,duck eggs,pigeon eggs and quail eggs.Qualitative analysis of lipids in yolks of 5 poultry eggs was conducted by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(LC-QTOF-MS)in electron spray ionization(ESI)mode.The principal component analysis(PCA)and heat map analysis were performed on lipids profiling.A total of 351 types of lipids were identified in 5 poultry egg yolks:237 in common chicken eggs,287 in free-rang chicken eggs,266 in duck eggs,316 in pigeon eggs,and 278 in quail eggs.Among the 351 types of lipids,triglycerides(TG),phosphatidylcholines(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamines(PE)were the main ones,accounting for 70.9%of the total.Combining with the results of PCA and heat map analysis,common chicken eggs were the least in terms of lipid abundance and content.Duck eggs contained the most polyunsaturated fatty acid containing phosphatidylcholines,while pigeon eggs had the most ether phosphatidylethanolamine.The content of TG in different poultry eggs was related to their total carbon number(N_(C)).Free-range chicken eggs contained most TG with N_(C)≤52,while pigeon eggs contained most TG with 53≤N_(C)≤56,and duck eggs had most TG with N_(C)≥57.There are differences in lipid composition and content in 5 kinds of poultry eggs,mainly in phosphatidylcholines,ether phosphatidylethanolamines and triglycerides.

关 键 词：禽蛋 脂质 液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱 

分 类 号：TS253.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]