从人力资源大国迈向人力资源强国:基于劳动年龄人口的分析  

Development from a Country of Huge Human Resources to a Country of Powerful Human Resources——An analysis based on the working-age population

作　　者：杨菊华 闫紫菊 YANG Juhua;YAN Ziju

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学人口与民族发展研究中心/民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2025年第2期1-12,共12页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人口规模巨大的现代化:时空特征、机遇挑战与路径机制研究”(项目号:23ZDA019)。

摘　　要：劳动年龄人口是中国人力、人才资源潜力最具代表性的人群。通过对1953—2020年历次全国人口普查数据的分析发现,中国劳动年龄人口总量与占比优势显著,是名副其实的人力资源大国;同时,劳动年龄人口的资本禀赋极大改善,就业结构大大优化,人口迁移流动日益活跃,正在从人力资源大国迈向人力资源强国。不过,受过去几十年生育政策、文教卫生资源配置、经济社会发展水平等多重因素的交织影响,劳动年龄人口老化趋势明显,就业结构转型升级步伐迟缓,且城乡之间在资本禀赋层面仍存在一定差距。在中国式现代化新征程中,实现人力资源大国向人力资源强国的历史性跨越,必须持续推动劳动年龄人口高质量发展,不断夯实人力资源强国转化的数量、素质、结构与分布基础。The working-age population is the most representative group of China's human and talent re-source potential.Through the analysis of the data from all previous national censuses from 1953 to 2020,it is found that China's working-age population has a significant advantage in both total number and propor-tion,and it is still a country with abundant human resources.At the same time,the capital endowment of the working-age population has been greatly improved,the employment structure has been greatly optimized,and population migration and mobility are becoming increasingly active.China is moving from a country with huge human resources to a country with powerful human resources.However,influenced by the interwoven effects of multiple factors over the past few decades,such as family planning policies,the allocation of cul-tural,educational and health resources,and the level of economic and social development,the aging trend of the working-age population is evident.The pace of transformation and upgrading of the employment structure is slow,and there still exists a certain gap in capital endowment between urban and rural areas.In the new journey of Chinese path to modernization,to achieve the leap from a country with huge human re-sources to a country with powerful human resources,we must draw on the ideas of high-quality population development and,with the help of measures such as building a family-friendly society,continuously consoli-date the quantitative,qualitative,structural,and distributional foundations for the transformation into a country with powerful human resources.

关 键 词：劳动年龄人口 人力资源强国 人口高质量发展 “十五五”时期 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]