利用寡核苷酸探针鉴定西瓜染色体易位系及染色体易位系的应用  

Identification of watermelon chromosome translocation lines using oligonucleotide probes and their application

作　　者：兵划 赵勤政 顾妍[1] 黄大跃 程瑞 刘欣 张朝阳[1] 许文钊 孙玉东[1] XU Binghua;ZHAO Qinzheng;GU Yan;HUANG Dayue;CHENG Rui;LIU Xin;ZHANG Chaoyang;XUWenzhao;SUN Yudong(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huai’an 223001,Jiangsu,China;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院·作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第3期37-44,共8页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：淮安市农科院科研发展基金项目(HNY202001);江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS﹝2021﹞072);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25-2024-Z17)。

摘　　要：易位是一种常见的染色体变异类型,为了进一步研究西瓜染色体易位,方便染色体易位系的鉴定,基于G42西瓜基因组开发出了一套共计20350个寡核苷酸探针,在11条染色体上每kb区间的平均密度为0.42~2.86个oligos。以西瓜染色体易位自交系G59为试验材料,利用该套探针鉴定出G59的Chr 6和Chr10染色体部分片段发生交换易位。通过观察花粉及调查单瓜种子数量,发现G59花粉形态正常,不育花粉占比4.28%,单瓜种子数量212.33粒,与普通西瓜自交系G33、G37、G42无显著差异。而G59与G33、G37、G42配制的易位杂交组合圣嘉1号、苏梦15、苏梦17不育或畸形花粉占比分别为54.17%、46.52%、43.66%,极显著高于双亲,单瓜种子数量65~81粒,极显著少于双亲和苏梦5号等正常杂交种。本研究开发的寡核苷酸探针可用于西瓜染色体易位系的鉴定,创制的染色体易位自交系G59为西瓜染色体易位系的利用及易位少籽西瓜品种的选育奠定了基础。In order to further study the chromosomal translocation lines of watermelon,and facilitate the identification.G59 which was a watermelon chromosome translocation line obtained by using independent selection was used as the test material in this study.A total of 20350 oligonucleotide probes were developed based on the G42 watermelon genome,with an average density of 0.42-2.86 oligos/kb on 11 chromosomes.This set of probes were used to identify the chromo-some translocation of G59.The non-denaturing in situ hybridization(ND-FISH)results showed that there was an exchange translocation of chromosomes 6 and 10.The pollen morphology by Alexander's staining solution under micro-scope was observed and the number of seeds in single watermelon was investigated.The pollen of G59 was normal mor-phology,and the percentage of sterile pollen was about 4.28%,and the number of seeds in single watermelon was about 212.33.There was no significant difference between G59 and common self-inbreeding lines G33,G37 and G42.The percentage of sterile or deformed pollen in the hybrid combinations Shengjia No.1,Sumeng No.15,Sumeng No.17 were 54.17%,46.52%,and 43.66%,respectively,which were extremely significantly higher than both parents.The number of single fruit seeds of Shengjia No.1,Sumeng No.15,Sumeng No.17 was about 65-80,extremely significantly less than that of both parents and normal hybrid generation varieties such as Sumeng 5.The oligonucleotide probe developed in this study can be used for the identification of chromosomal translocation lines in watermelon,and the chromosomal trans-location inbred line G59 can be used for the breeding of translocated watermelon varieties with few seeds.

关 键 词：西瓜 染色体易位 寡核苷酸探针 易位少籽杂交组合 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]