不同采摘期对西瓜果实营养品质的影响  

Effects of different picking periods on nutritional qualities of watermelon

作　　者：沈虹 孟佳丽[1] 吴绍军[1] 杨年福 张黎杰[1] 周玲玲[1] 田福发[1] 刘书华 余翔[1] SHEN Hong;MENG Jiali;WU Shaojun;YANG Nianfu;ZHANG Lijie;ZHOU Lingling;TIAN Fufa;LIU Shuhua;YU Xiang(Suqian Institute of Agriculture Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第3期61-67,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：宿迁市科技计划项目(L202003);宿迁市农业科技自主创新项目(SQCX202409);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS﹝2021﹞069)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同采摘期西瓜果实营养品质的变化规律以及品质指标间的相关性,以迁丽4号西瓜为试验材料,从果实出现成熟特征(授粉后第25天)开始取样,每隔3 d取样1次,共取样5次,测定果实各项营养指标,并进行相关性分析。结果表明,随着采摘时间的延长,西瓜果实总糖、可溶性糖、维生素C和硝酸盐含量整体呈下降趋势,番茄红素含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在授粉后28 d最高;可溶性蛋白含量呈降-升-降-升的变化趋势,糖酸比呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,均在授粉后31 d最高;瓜氨酸含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,在授粉后25 d最高。中心可溶性固形物含量与可溶性糖、番茄红素和硝酸盐含量呈显著正相关。授粉后25~37 d果实的口感和质地呈下降趋势。综上,果实出现成熟特征(授粉后25 d)至一周(授粉后31 d)为最佳采摘时期。在生产中,可用可溶性固形物含量初步评价西瓜果实总糖、可溶性糖含量等营养品质指标。To explore the changes and correlation of nutritional quality of watermelon fruit at different picking periods,Qianli No.4 was used as the experimental material,samples were taken starting from the appearance of mature character-istics in the fruit(25th day after pollination),every three days for a total of five times to measure various nutritional indi-cators of the fruit and conduct correlation analysis.The results showed that as the picking periods were postponed,the total sugar,soluble sugar,vitamin C and nitrate content of watermelon fruit showed a decreasing trend;the content of lyco-pene showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest content on the 28th day after pollination;the content of soluble protein showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing trend,and sugar acid ratio showed a trend of first increasing,then decreasing,and then increasing again,both of which were highest on the 31st day after polli-nation;the content of citrulline showed a trend of first decreasing,then increasing again,with the highest content on the 25th day after pollination.The central soluble solids content were significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar,lycopene,and nitrate content.The flavor and texture of the fruit showed a decreasing trend from the 25th to the 37th day after pollination.In summary,the optimal harvesting period was from the appearance of mature characteristics in the fruit(25th day after pollination)to one week later(31st day after pollination).The content of soluble solids can be used to preliminarily evaluate nutritional quality indicators such as total sugar content and soluble sugar content.

关 键 词：西瓜 采摘期 营养品质 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]