大蒜抽薹过程力学分析及抽薹定位钩改进对抽薹效果的影响  

Mechanical analysis of garlic bolting process and influence of bolting positioning hook improvement on bolting effect

作　　者：王崇华[1] 马瑞亮[1] 崇峻 贾庆超 段新华 刘轶群 何永涛 陈世昌[1] WANG Chonghua;MA Ruiliang;CHONG Jun;JIA Qingchao;DUAN Xinhua;LIU Yiqun;HE Yongtao;CHEN Shichang(Henan Vocational College of Agricultural,Zhongmu 451450,Henan,China;Jinan Huaqing Agricultural Machinery Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 251004,Shandong,China;School of Food Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology,Zhengzhou 450064,Henan,China;Kaifeng Xiangfu Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Kaifeng 475100,Henan,China;Qixian Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Qixian 475200,Henan,China;Qixian Branch of Henan Radio and Television School,Qixian 475200,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业职业学院,河南中牟451450 [2]济南华庆农业机械科技有限公司,济南251004 [3]郑州科技学院食品科学与工程学院,郑州450064 [4]开封市祥符区农业农村局,河南开封475100 [5]杞县土壤肥料工作站,河南杞县475200 [6]河南省广播电视学校杞县分校,河南杞县475200

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第3期147-154,共8页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：农业农村部大宗粮食加工实验室开放课题(DZLS201704);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(22B550021);河南农业职业学院校级科研团队项目(HNACKT-2023-02)。

摘　　要：针对钩提式抽薹装置断薹率高、找准植株中间位置效率低的问题,对抽薹装置上的金属钉进行了改进,将金属钉由尖头改进为钝头,并对扎薹和抽薹进行了力学分析,同时,开展了改进前后不同抽薹装置对抽薹效率、薹长、出薹率、产量和使用评价对比试验。结果表明,从抽薹过程来看,抽薹力度随时间变化呈“S”型曲线;抽薹装置改进后,钝头金属钉按扎力比尖头金属钉按扎力大3.4 N,虽然改进后比较费力,但由于钩提式抽薹装置的作用力与反作用力设计,并未影响使用感受;抽薹装置改进后,找准蒜茎中部位置更加快捷,抽薹效率显著提高,达到101.33根·10 min^(-1),比改进前提高12.18%,出薹率达到94.33%,比改进前提高5.20%,达到极显著水平;蒜薹和蒜头产量分别为141.87和1692.43 kg·667 m^(-2),与改进前相比无显著差异。总体来看,抽薹装置改进提高了抽薹效率和出薹率,且不会对蒜薹和大蒜产量造成影响,同时,抽薹过程的力学分析结果可为蒜薹抽提的机械化研究提供理论基础。In response to the problems of high bolt breakage rate and low efficiency in locating the middle position of plants in the hook type bolting device,the metal nails on the bolting device were improved from pointed to blunt,and mechan-ical analysis was conducted on bolting and bolting.At the same time,comparative experiments were conducted on the effi-ciency,length,rate,yield,and usage evaluation of different bolting devices before and after the improvement.The results showed that from the perspective of the bolting process,the bolting intensity varied in an"S"-shaped curve with time.After the improvement of the bolting device,the fastening force of blunt metal nails was 3.4 N greater than that of pointed metal nails.Although the improvement was more laborious,the design of the action and reaction forces of the hook and lift bolting device did not affect the user experience.After the improvement of the bolting device,it became quicker to locate the middle position of garlic stems,and significantly increasing the bolting efficiency to 101.33 stems·10 min-1,which is an increase of 11.00 stems·10 min^(-1) compared to before.The bolting rate reached 94.33%,an increase of 5.20%compared to before the improvement,reaching a highly significant level.The yields of garlic sprouts and garlic heads were 141.87 kg·667 m^(-2) and 1692.43 kg·667 m^(-2),respectively,with no significant difference compared to before.Over-all,the improvement of the bolting device has increased the efficiency and rate of bolting,without affecting garlic sprouts and garlic yield.At the same time,the mechanical analysis results of the bolting process can provide a theoretical basis for the mechanization research of garlic sprout extraction.

关 键 词：蒜薹 抽薹装置 金属钉 力度 产量 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]