幼儿气质和家庭教养环境对中美幼儿冒险行为的影响——从社会文化学视角看家长监管的中介作用  

The Influence of Child Temperament and Family Parenting Environment on Young Children’s Risk-Taking Behaviors in China and the US:The Mediating Role of Parental Supervision from a Socio-Cultural Perspective

作　　者：郝俊 薛烨[2] 岳亚平[3] HAO Jun;HSUEH Yeh;YUE Yaping(College of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211 China;College of Education,The University of Memphis,Memphis 38111 USA;Faculty of Education,Henan University,The Preschool Education Research Center of Henan Province,Kaifeng 475004 China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,宁波315211 [2]孟菲斯大学教育学院,孟菲斯38111 [3]河南大学教育学部,河南省学前教育研究中心,开封475004

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2025年第3期56-70,共15页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：河南省教育科学规划2025重大课题“人口变化形式下学前教育资源优化调整研究”(课题编号:2025JKZB04)。

摘　　要：冒险行为被认为是促进幼儿学习与成长的重要手段。本研究从社会文化学视角出发,采用量化研究和质性研究相结合的方法,对来自106个中国家庭和108个美国家庭的幼儿及其家长进行调查,以深度考察个体因素、家庭教养和社会文化之间的互动对幼儿冒险行为的影响。研究显示:(1)中国幼儿冒险行为水平、感觉寻求气质和家长监管行为水平显著低于美国,中国家长的风险认知水平则显著高于美国家长;(2)幼儿的感觉寻求气质和父母监管行为对中美幼儿的冒险行为均有直接影响;(3)中国家长监管行为在家长风险认知和幼儿冒险行为之间起中介作用,而美国家长监管行为在幼儿感觉寻求气质和幼儿冒险行为之间起中介作用。研究揭示了幼儿冒险行为发展路径差异背后的社会文化作用机制。在中国文化背景下,为充分发挥幼儿冒险行为的价值,支持幼儿合理开展冒险活动,研究建议家长要科学理解幼儿行为发展的个体及社会文化属性,变革家庭教养方式,改善对幼儿冒险行为的风险认知与监管;优化幼儿冒险行为安全防护的家园社协同机制,为幼儿冒险行为的发展提供安全且具有支持性的外部环境。Risk-taking behavior is an essential and influential aspect of young children’s development.From a social-cultural perspective,this study utilized a mixed-method approach,incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods,to examine the impact of individual characteristics,family parenting,and socio-cultural factors on risk-taking behavior among 106 Chinese and 108 American children.This study revealed:(1)Chinese children exhibited significantly lower levels of risk-taking behavior,sensation-seeking temperament,and parental supervision compared to their American counterparts.Conversely,Chinese parents demonstrated significantly higher levels of risk perception than American parents;(2)Sensation-seeking temperament and parental supervision directly influenced the risk-taking behavior of both Chinese and American children;(3)Chinese parental supervision served as a mediator between parental risk perception and children’s risk-taking behaviors,while American parental supervision acted as a mediator between children’s sensation-seeking temperament and risk-taking behavior.This study revealed the socio-cultural mechanisms underlying the divergent developmental pathways of children’s risk-taking behaviors.Within the context of Chinese culture,to fully exert the value of children’s risk-taking behaviors and support their engagement in reasonable adventurous activities,this study suggested parents and educators to scientifically understand the individual and socio-cultural nature of children’s behavioral development,transform the family parenting methods,improve parents’risk perception and supervisory behaviors,and optimize the collaborative support network between family,kindergarten,and community.This concerted effort aims to furnish a secure and nurturing external environment conducive to the development of children’s risk-taking behaviors.

关 键 词：幼儿冒险行为 幼儿气质 家庭教养环境 家长监管 

分 类 号：G61[文化科学—学前教育学]