新污染物介导碳氮循环效应与微生物响应机制  

Effects of emerging contaminants on carbon-nitrogen cycles and microbial response mechanisms

作　　者：李倩 杜树豪 高馨馨 张丽迎 史可 梁斌 LI Qian;DU Shuhao;GAO Xinxin;ZHANG Liying;SHI Ke;LIANG Bin(State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,School of Eco-Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)生态环境学院城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《环境工程》2025年第3期167-177,共11页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目“水环境风险识别与阻控”(52322007)。

摘　　要：不断涌现的新污染物,如持久性有机污染物、内分泌干扰物、微/纳塑料、抗生素/抗菌剂等,在多介质环境中检出率高,风险隐蔽性强,对生态系统物质生物循环构成威胁。系统综述了典型新污染物对微生物代谢和碳氮循环的影响特征与调控机制,归纳总结了新污染物在土壤、沉积物、工程和自然水环境等不同介质中的生物和生态效应。新污染物通过改变微生物群落结构和功能、抑制关键酶活性等方式影响微生物代谢,进而干扰碳氮循环过程温室气体排放。针对新污染物多介质/跨介质迁移与(生物)转化过程的复杂性、多污染物混合效应的不确定性以及相应风险效应(动态)评估模型匮乏性,建议未来应聚焦多介质/跨介质环境风险动态模型和微生物响应微观分子机制开展跨学科交叉创新研究,深入探究新污染物在碳氮循环中的关键调控作用,揭示新污染物混合效应对碳氮循环的影响规律与作用机制。Emerging contaminants(ECs), such as persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, micro/nanoplastics, antibiotics/antimicrobials, etc., are frequently detected in multi-media environments, with high detection rates and strong risk covertness, posing a threat to the biological cycles of mater in ecosystems. This paper provided a systematic review of the impact characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical ECs on the microbial metabolism and the carbon-nitrogen cycles.It summarized the biological and ecological effects of ECs in various media, such as soil, sediment, as well as engineered and natural water environments. ECs affect the microbial metabolism by altering the structure and functions of microbial community, inhibiting key enzyme activities, etc., thereby interfering with the carbon-nitrogen cycles and greenhouse gas emissions. In light of the key challenges posed by the complexity of multi-media and cross-media migration and(bio)transformation processes, the uncertainty of multi-contaminant mixture effects, and the lack of dynamic risk assessment models, we suggest future research focus on interdisciplinary and innovative studies of dynamic risk models in multi-media/cross-media environments and the molecular mechanisms of microbial response, and in-depth exploration of the key regulatory roles of ECs in the carbon-nitrogen cycle, as well as the patterns and mechanisms of the combined effects of ECs on the carbon-nitrogen cycle.

关 键 词：新污染物 碳氮循环 多介质环境 生物效应 温室气体 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]