弗洛伊德的无意识理论与19世纪的德国无意识哲学  

Freud's Theory of the Unconscious and 19^(th)Century German Philosophy of the Unconscious

作　　者：徐献军 Xu Xianjun

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界哲学》2025年第2期103-114,206,共13页World Philosophy

摘　　要：弗洛伊德的精神分析是一种以“无意识”为核心主题的心理治疗理论与技术。但“无意识”这个主题在19世纪的德国哲学中,已经受到了极大的重视。赫尔巴特和林德纳的压抑、阈值和阻抗的概念是弗洛伊德的无意识概念的主导背景。费希纳的经验主义无意识摒弃了传统无意识哲学的形而上学色彩,对弗洛伊德影响至深。李普斯的描述无意识为弗洛伊德的无意识概念提供了直接的哲学支撑。弗洛伊德的创新是动力学无意识,即从失误、梦、神经症以及临床治疗这几个方面出发建构的无意识理论和治疗技术,而这可以被视为传统治疗哲学的一种现代回归。Freud's psychoanalysis is a theory and technique of psychotherapy with"the unconscious"as the core theme.But the theme of"the unconscious"has already received great attention in 19th century German philosophy.The concepts of repression,threshold and resistance of Herbart and Lindner are the dominant background of Freud's concept of the unconscious.Fechner's empiricist concept of the unconscious abandoned the metaphysical color of traditional philosophy of the unconscious and had a profound influence on Freud.Lipps'descriptive unconsciousness provided direct philosophical support for Freud's concept of the unconscious.Freud's innovation is the dynamic unconsciousness,that is,the unconscious theory and technology constructed from the aspects of mistakes,dreams,neurosis and clinical treatment,which can be regarded as a modern return to traditional therapeutic philosophy.

关 键 词：无意识 意识 弗洛伊德 压抑 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]