16—18世纪福建学校房地租赁经营探析——基于地方志的考察  

Explorations and Analyses of 16-18 Century Fujian School Real Estates Rental Operations--A Survey Centered Around Local Records

作　　者：郑小红 Zheng Xiaohong

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系

出　　处：《中国地方志》2025年第1期71-80,M0005,M0006,共12页China Local Records

摘　　要：明清时期,福建商品经济得到长足发展,对地方学校办学经费的来源产生一定影响。明嘉靖以后,福建地区很多府州县学除了以学田收入作为办学经费,还会通过经营房地租赁获取经费。这些用于出租的房地,主要有拨置、捐置与学校空余房地三种来源。学校房地租赁主要由教官、差役和生员等不同身份的人员兼职管理,并未形成完善的管理体系。一般来说,学校经费中的房地租主要作为考试、祭祀等学校日常事务的经费,房地租数量及其在办学经费中的比重存在上升趋势。学校经营房地租赁的现象反映学校经费来源的多样性,也说明地方学校能顺应商品经济发展,并以此维持甚至扩大自身规模。During Ming and Qing Dynasty, Fujian commodity economy was greatly developed, bringing certain influences on the origins of operation expenses of local schools. After the Reign of Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, many fu, zhou, and county schools in the Fujian region would also obtain operation expenses through real estates rental operations, apart from taking school farmlands incomes as school expenses.These real estates for lease mainly had three origins including allocation, donation, and spare properties of the school. School real estates rental operations were mainly managed concurrently by people with different status such as teachers, runners of government, and scholars who had passed the basic level of Imperial Examination, not yet with formation of perfected management system. Generally speaking, real estates leases in school expenses were mainly used as expenses for daily affairs of the school such as examinations and sacrificial ceremonies. The quantities of real estates rentals and its ratio among school operation expenses had a trend of increasing. The phenomenon of real estates rentals managed by schools reflected the variety of school expenses origins, and demonstrated that local schools were able to follow the trend of development of commodities economy to maintain or even expand their own scale of operations.

关 键 词：福建 学校 办学经费 学田 房地租赁 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] G529[历史地理—中国史]