机器、工业史与马克思的感性心理学——兼论中国式现代化的认识论意义  

Machines,Industrial History,and Marx’s Psychology of Sensibility:Epistemological Significance of Chinese Modernization

作　　者：余根雄 Yu Genxiong(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期41-51,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心常规课题(24CCG13);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(ZT2005)。

摘　　要：由笛卡尔开创的理性心理学经康德的批判,终由黑格尔发展成为以绝对知识为最高形式的知识体系,它是作为认识论的人的心理学的形而上学完成。马克思批判性地继承了费尔巴哈的感性对象性原则,提出了感性心理学,它的开端是资本主义生产方式下的机器体系。作为感性心理学的工业和工业史是人的本质力量的现实性。它意味着认识世界与改造世界的统一,也意味着历史本身就是感性对象性活动的产物。由此,我们应把现代化的进程理解为机器大工业变革中的感性心理学,其实质是人的本质力量之现实性的变革。中国式现代化以世界现代化的新格局为其感性的历史条件,这预示着中国式现代化在完成机器体系与工业史变革的同时,还要实现人改造世界之能力的一次质的飞跃。这也许是中国式现代化的认识论意义。Descartes constructed a rational psychology based on the rational intuition of“I think”.Kant’s way of transforming rational psychology is to use innate categories to define the boundaries of“I think”.Hegel uses his huge spiritual kingdom to unify the subject and object worlds and thus constructed rational psychology into a system of knowledge.In Hegel’s system,he achieved the unity of form and content,and the unity of concept and experience.Marx’s change in modern epistemology is to unify the process of knowing the world with transforming the world,and to explain the source of knowledge on the basis of transforming the world.On the basis of his full affirmation of Feuerbach,Marx examines sensibility-objectivity by placing it in the context of a certain social existence and the productive life of society.The result of this perceptual-objective activity is industry,and its most fundamental symbol is the machine system.The machine system is the product of mankind’s knowing of the world and its transformation.On this basis,Marx founded the psychology of sensibility.Marx suggested that the history of industry and the established objective existence of industry are“the exposure to the senses of human psychology”.This psychology is to be understood as the reality of man’s essential powers;and the reality of man’s essential powers is embodied in the history of industry.The process of man’s essential unfolding is also embodied in industrial history.If history is“nothing but the creation of man through human labor,nothing but the emergence of nature for man”,then the sensibility-objective activity of man is the whole content of history,and history becomes the whole process of the objectification of man’s essential power into sensuous being.Thus Marx unites psychology of sensibility with the history of sensibility,industry with the reality of man’s essential power,and industrial history with the material production of sensible man and its conditions.Marx’s psychology of sensibility provid

关 键 词：机器大工业 感性心理学 中国式现代化 感性对象性活动 

分 类 号：F419[经济管理—产业经济] B023[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B84-0