激光抛光316L不锈钢表面熔池演变的数值模拟与分析  

Numerical simulation and analysis of surface molten pool evolution in laser polishing of 316L stainless steel

作　　者：冯伟峰 王涛[1] 顾志同 张鑫 姚涛[1] FENG Weifeng;WANG Tao;GU Zhitong;ZHANG Xin;YAO Tao(College of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300132,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津300132

出　　处：《光电子.激光》2025年第3期292-302,共11页Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775166)资助项目。

摘　　要：激光抛光是一种新型的表面处理技术,可有效改善金属材料的表面粗糙度。为了研究激光抛光对316L不锈钢表面形貌的影响,本文建立了二维轴对称瞬态激光抛光数值模型,采用移动高斯脉冲激光为热源,构建与实际材料表面轮廓一致性较高的模型曲面,模拟了抛光模型表面的温度分布、速度大小以及熔池演变过程。结果表明,在熔池表面曲率较大时,毛细力主导熔融材料从波峰向波谷流动;当熔池表面较平滑时,热毛细力主导熔融材料向熔池两侧边缘流动。熔池深度及持续时间对抛光效果有较大影响,熔池深度小且持续时间短时与熔池深度大且持续时间长时表面粗糙度结果均较差,分析得出一组抛光结果较好的激光参数并进行实验,发现抛光后材料表面粗糙度降低了69.5%,验证了数值模拟模型有较高的准确性。Laser polishing is a new surface treatment technology which can effectively improve the surface roughness of metal materials.In order to investigate the effect of laser polishing on the surface morphology of 316L stainless steel,in this paper,a two-dimensional axisymmetric transient laser polishing numerical model is developed to construct the model surfaces with high consistency with actual material surface contours,using a moving Gaussian pulsed laser as a heat source.The temperature distribution,velocity and the evolution of molten pool on the surface of the polishing model are simulated.The results show that when the surface curvature of the molten pool is large,the capillary force dominates the flow of the molten material from the crest to the trough;when the surface of the molten pool is smooth,the thermocapillary force dominates the flow of the molten material to the edges of both sides of the molten pool.The depth and duration of the molten pool have a great influence on the polishing effect,the surface roughness results are worse when the molten pool depth is small and the duration is short and when the molten pool depth is large and the duration is long.A set of laser parameters with better polishing results are analyzed and experimented,and it is found that the surface roughness of the material is reduced by 69.5%after polishing,which verifies that the numerical simulation model has a high accuracy.

关 键 词：激光抛光 数值模拟 熔池 毛细力 热毛细力 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]