马铃薯冠层温度基因型与环境互作及与气孔密度和产量关系的研究  

Genotypic-environmental Interactions of Canopy Temperature in Potato and Its Relationship with Stomatal Density and Yield

作　　者：祝洪沙 金彦君 李成东 王金禹 刘娟 程李香[2] 撒刚 余斌[2] ZHU Hongsha;JIN Yanjun;LI Chengdong;WANG Jinyu;LIU Juan;CHENG Lixiang;SA Gang;YU Bin(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement&Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室甘肃农业大学/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第3期433-445,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR10RA529);兰州市人才创新创业项目(2022-RC-40);省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)开放基金课题(GSCS-2016-09);甘肃省高校教师创新基金项目(2023A-059);国家自然科学基金项目(32360447)。

摘　　要：为探明马铃薯叶片气孔密度与冠层温度间的关系,及在不同环境下冠层温度作为马铃薯耐旱性鉴定指标的适用性,连续2 a在雨养环境下的半干旱区、半湿润区和灌溉条件下的半干旱区3个试验点对47份具有不同耐旱性马铃薯种质材料的冠层温度、叶片气孔密度和产量进行观察测定,分析了马铃薯冠层温度基因型与环境互作效应以及冠层温度与叶片气孔密度和产量间的关系,并进一步探究了利用冠层温度在不同环境下进行马铃薯耐旱性鉴定的适用性。结果表明:基因型与环境互作效应是决定马铃薯冠层温度的首要因素;马铃薯冠层温度与叶片远轴面气孔密度显著正相关(r=0.30~0.35,P≤0.01);在无灌溉条件下的半干旱区和半湿润区马铃薯冠层温度与产量显著负相关(r=-0.46~-0.39,P≤0.01),在灌溉条件下的半干旱环境中马铃薯冠层温度与产量无显著相关性;冠层温度可作为鉴定指标在雨养环境中进行马铃薯耐旱基因型筛选。Canopy temperature is an important physiological signal indicating crop response to the growing environment and has been widely used in the evaluation and screening of drought-tolerant genotypes.Canopy temperature is influenced by genotype,environment,and leaf stomatal density.In this study,we investigated the relationship between leaf stomatal density and canopy temperature,as well as the applicability of canopy temperature as an indicator of drought-tolerant genotypes of potato under different environments.The canopy temperature,leaf stomatal density,and yield of 47 potato germplasm materials with varying drought tolerance were observed and measured at three experimental sites:semi-arid,semi-humid,and irrigated areas in rainfed environments over two consecutive years.We also analyzed the genotypic-environmental interactions of canopy temperature and the relationship between canopy temperature,leaf stomatal density,and yield to further explore the applicability of using canopy temperature to assess the drought tolerance of potato genotypes in different environments.The results indicated that genotype-environment interaction primarily determined canopy temperature.Canopy temperature was positively correlated(r=0.30-0.35,P≤0.01)with leaf stomatal density on the distal axial surface and negatively correlated(r=-0.46--0.39,P≤0.01)with yield in semi-arid and semi-humid zones without irrigation.However,this correlation was not observed in arid environments under irrigated conditions,suggesting that canopy temperature can be used as an indicator of drought tolerance.

关 键 词：马铃薯 冠层温度 气候环境 气孔密度 产量 

分 类 号：S53[农业科学—作物学]