方向显著性特征分布的加权散度红外弱小目标增强检测  

Weighted Divergence of Directionally Salient Features for Infrared Small Target Detection Enhancement

作　　者：王怡雯 郑伟 邢成龙 WANG Yiwen;ZHENG Wei;XING Chenglong(College of Electrical Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学电气工程学院,郑州450001 [2]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2025年第1期215-225,共11页Chinese Journal of Space Science

基　　金：载人航天工程航天医学实验领域项目资助(HYZHXM01012)。

摘　　要：红外弱小目标检测广泛应用于暗弱天体检测等领域,是空间环境安全预警的重要手段.基于熵的理论并结合目标扩散的方向性,提出了一种方向显著性特征分布的加权散度红外弱小目标增强检测方法(DSWD).在多层嵌套窗口中评估图像局部显著性,基于点目标在红外图像中由中心向八个方向扩展的特征对图像进行多向空间滤波,在复杂背景中增强目标.鉴于显著性特征各向分布与平均背景分布之间的差异,使用散度将目标区域与背景之间概率分布量化,推断区域内感兴趣的部分.为解决复杂背景中存在的高亮背景等混淆元素会对目标提取造成干扰的问题,进一步采用改进的绝对均方差方法增强目标,确保从复杂背景中准确分离出目标,进而采用自适应阈值处理方法提取目标.实验结果表明,针对多变空间环境,所提出的方法能够在空间环境中准确检测出弱小目标,降低虚警率,为未来空间环境安全预警系统提供参考.Infrared small target detection is widely used in fields such as dark and weak object detection,which is an important means of early warning for space environment safety.Drawing on entropy theory and incorporating the directionality of target diffusion,this study introduces a method for Infrared Small Target Detection Enhancement named Weighted Divergence of Directionally Salient Features(DSWD).Initially,this method assesses the local saliency of an image using a multi-layer nested window approach,and applies multidirectional spatial filtering to highlight point targets that radiate outward from the center to eight directions within the infrared spectrum,thereby enhancing the target against a complex backdrop.To address the disparity between the anisotropic distribution of saliency features and the homogeneous background distribution,this study employs a scatter measure to quantify the probabilistic distribution between the target area and the background,thus identifying regions of interest.Nevertheless,the efficacy of target extraction can be compromised by obfuscating elements,such as prominently illuminated backgrounds.To mitigate this,the study leverages an enhanced absolute mean square deviation technique for further target refinement,ensuring precise separation and extraction from the intricate background.The process culminates with the application of an adaptive threshold segmentation method for final target extraction.The experimental results show that for the variable space environment,the method proposed in this paper can accurately detect the weak targets in the space environment and reduce the false alarm rate,which is expected to be applied in the future space environment safety warning system or for reference.

关 键 词：红外弱小目标检测 能量加权 局部对比度 散度 

分 类 号：TP391.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]