畜禽粪便发酵生产有机肥菌种筛选试验研究  

Experimental study on screening of organic fertilizer strains by fermentation of livestock and poultry manure

作　　者：李元新[1] 成伟伟[1] 杨军祥[1] 赵子惠[1] 郭海龙[1] 杨明[1] LI Yuanxin;CHENG Weiwei;YANG Junxiang;ZHAO Zihui;GUO Hailong;YANG Ming(Gansu Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science,Pingliang,Gansu Province 744000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第5期58-62,共5页China Feed

基　　金：甘肃省技术创新引导计划乡村振兴专项(23CXNL0005);甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目(GNKJ-2020-8);甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFNL0001)。

摘　　要：为筛选出畜禽粪便发酵有机肥的复合微生物菌剂,试验选取枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、绿色木霉和米曲霉,按7%分别接种在牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪上,以发酵温度和总氮含量作为观测指标,进行单菌种发酵试验。结果显示:温度在发酵后3~13 d上升幅度较大,其中鸡粪升温最快,猪粪次之,牛粪最慢,15~19 d温度变化趋于平缓。总体来看,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉发酵温度相对较高。从发酵后总氮含量可以看出,鸡粪和猪粪的总氮含量高于牛粪,7株菌分别发酵牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪后总氮含量高低的顺序大体趋势一致,短小芽孢杆菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在三种粪便发酵中总氮含量均较高。绿色木霉在牛粪和鸡粪发酵中总氮含量由高到低均排第三,在猪粪上排第四。综合发酵温度和总氮含量可筛选出相互间无拮抗作用的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉作为复合微生物菌剂的菌种。The purpose of this experiment was to screen out the compound microbial agents for the fermentation of organic fertilizer by livestock and poultry manure.Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis,Bacillus velezensis,Bacillus pumilus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus oryzae were selected and inoculated on cow manure,pig manure and chicken manure at 7%,respectively.The fermentation temperature and total nitrogen content were used as observation indexes to carry out single strain fermentation test.The results showed that the temperature increased greatly from 3 to 13 days after fermentation,among which the temperature of chicken manure increased the fastest,followed by pig manure,and cow manure was the slowest.The temperature change tended to be gentle from 15 to 19 days.In general,the fermentation temperature of Bacillus velezensis,Bacillus pumilus and Trichoderma viride was relatively high.It could be seen from the total nitrogen content after fermentation that the total nitrogen content of chicken manure and pig manure was higher than that of cow manure.The order of total nitrogen content after fermentation of cow manure,pig manure and chicken manure by 7 kinds of bacteria was consistent.Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus velezensis had higher total nitrogen content in the fermentation of three kinds of manure.The total nitrogen content of N.viride in cow manure and chicken manure fermentation ranked third from high to low,and ranked fourth in pig manure.Based on the fermentation temperature and total nitrogen content,Bacillus velezensis,Bacillus pumilus and Trichoderma viride,which had no antagonistic effect on each other,could be selected as the strains of compound microbial agents.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 发酵 有机肥 菌种 筛选 

分 类 号：TQ449[化学工程—化学肥料工业]