硬刺裸鲤肌肉营养成分分析及评价  

Evaluation of nutrient quality and composition in the muscle of Gymnocypris firmispinatus

作　　者：钟文武 周睿 吴敬东 赵树海 严燕群 杨光清 段燕君 ZHONG Wenwu;ZHOU Rui;WU Jingdong;ZHAO Shuhai;YAN Yanqun;YANG Guangqing;DUAN Yanjun(Yunnan Academy of Fishery Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650111,China;Fisheries Workstation of Dali Autonomous Prefecture of Bai Nationality,Dali,Yunnan Province 671000,China;Green Food Development Center of Yangbi county,Dali,Yunnan Province 672500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明650111 [2]大理白族自治州渔业工作站,云南大理671000 [3]漾濞县绿色食品发展中心,云南大理672500

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第5期104-111,共8页China Feed

基　　金：云南省淡水渔业产业技术体系建设(2023KJTX021)。

摘　　要：为探究野生和人工繁殖饲养的硬刺裸鲤肌肉营养成分,分析评价其营养价值,本试验对其肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成和矿质元素进行了测定,旨在为硬刺裸鲤种质资源养护、苗种培育、营养结构研究、饲料营养研究等积累基础资料。结果表明:野生样本肌肉中粗蛋白质含量[(18.07±0.38)%]略高于人工繁殖样本[(16.93±0.17)%];人工繁殖样本粗脂肪含量[(2.23±0.40)%]显著高于野生样本[(1.27±0.24)%];野生和人工繁殖硬刺裸鲤肌肉中必需氨基酸含量最高的为赖氨酸,必需氨基酸总量均高于FAO/WHO模式,EAA/TAA值符合FAO/WHO/UNU认为理想模型;野生样本肌肉中共检出12种不饱和脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的74.94%,以油酸和DHA为主,人工繁殖样本中共检出14种不饱和脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的75.22%,以油酸和亚油酸为主,野生样本肌肉中EPA+DHA含量显著高于人工繁殖样本;两组样本肌肉中均含有丰富的矿质元素,属于高钾低钠膳食来源。野生和人工繁殖饲养硬刺裸鲤均为优质的蛋白质来源,氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿质元素种类丰富,含量均衡,具有较高的营养价值。In order to explore the muscle nutrient quality and composition of wild samples/artificial breeding samples of Gymnocypris firmispinatus,the conventional nutrients,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements were determined and analyzed by routine methods to accumulate basic data for the conservation of germplasm resources,nutrition requirement of seedling and feed nutrition research of Gymnocypris firmispinatus.Results showed that the crude protein of wild samples[(18.07±0.38)%]was slightly higher than artificial breeding samples[(16.93±0.17)%];The crude fat of artificial breeding samples[(2.23±0.40)%]was significantly higher than wild samples[(1.27±0.24)%].The highest essential amino acid was lysine of two samples,the content of essential amino acid higher than the ideal protein standard recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO),the value of EAA/TAA meet the ideal model.12 unsaturated fatty acids were detected in wild samples and accounted for 74.94%of the total fatty acids,14 unsaturated fatty acids were detected in artificial breeding samples and accounted for 75.22%of the total fatty acids,the content of EPA+DHA of wild samples was significantly higher than artificial breeding samples.Two samples were rich in minerals,which all were high-potassium and low-sodium dietary sources.The analysis results indicated that the wild samples and artificial breeding samples of Gymnocypris firmispinatus were nutritive and rich in amino acids,fatty acids,mineral elements.

关 键 词：硬刺裸鲤 肌肉营养 分析评价 

分 类 号：S965.116[农业科学—水产养殖]