高等教育普及化发展进程及影响因素探析:基于对荷兰的考察  

An Analysis of the Development Process and Influencing Factors of the Popularization of Higher Education:Based on the Study of the Netherlands

作　　者：吴薇[1] 黄丹阳 WU Wei;HUANG Danyang(Center for Higher Education Development,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心 [2]厦门大学教育研究院,厦门361005

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第3期53-64,共12页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学国家重大项目“中国特色高校评价体系的内涵与建构研究”(VIA230008)的部分成果。

摘　　要：推动高等教育向普及化发展、加强高等教育质量建设是世界各国高等教育发展的大趋势。荷兰是欧洲率先进入高等教育普及化并且保持高质量发展的国家之一,其高等教育普及化进程呈现以下特点:高等教育规模稳步增长,应用科技大学发挥主要作用;高等教育公平逐渐扩大,在满足个体不同需求时保持相对稳定的性别平衡,非传统生源数量逐渐增加;规模扩张的同时完善内外部质量保障体系,高等学校仍然维持相对稳定的生师比;高等学校分布相对均衡,研究型大学主要集中在西部地区的城市,应用科技大学主要集中在东部、西部和南部地区。经济发展水平、政府政策规划和行动、普职贯通的高等教育体系以及企业和家庭对高等教育的支持程度等是影响荷兰高等教育普及化进程的主要因素。Promoting the popularization of higher education and strengthening the quality of higher education are the general trends of higher education development in all countries of the world.The Netherlands stands as one of the pioneering European nations in achieving popularization to higher education while maintaining high-quality development.The process of higher education popularization in the Netherlands exhibits the following characteristics.The scale of higher education has steadily expanded,with applied science universities playing a crucial role in the process of popularization.Access to higher education has become more equitable,maintaining a relatively stable gender balance while meeting the different needs of individuals,and the number of non-traditional students is gradually increasing.As the scale expands,both internal and external quality assurance systems have been refined.Moreover,higher education institutions in the Netherlands have managed to maintain a relatively stable student-to-faculty ratio.The distribution of universities is relatively balanced,with research universities are mainly concentrated in cities in the western region,and applied science universities predominantly located in the eastern,western,and southern regions.The level of economic development,government policy planning and actions,the higher education system that integrates general education with vocational education,and the extent of support for higher education from enterprises and families are the main factors affecting the process of higher education popularization in the Netherlands.

关 键 词：荷兰 高等教育普及化 毛入学率 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]