《刑事诉讼法》再修改中再审程序的完善  

Improvement of the Retrial Procedure in the Re-Amendment of the Code of Criminal Procedure

作　　者：陈光中[1] Chen Guangzhong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第2期3-12,共10页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中华优秀传统法律文化与中国式法治现代化”(23&ZD169)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑事再审程序作为一种非常规性救济手段决定了其运行理念应当在“依法纠错”和“维护生效判决、裁定的稳定性”之间寻求平衡。受“实事求是,有错必纠”理念形成的司法惯习影响,我国刑事再审的司法实践出现两个情况,一是有错必纠,而忽视司法裁判的既判力、诉权耗尽、不区分错的性质及大小等问题,导致法检机关启动再审程序和当事人提出申诉较为随意;二是将启动再审程序与改变原判决、裁定直接关联起来,导致申诉易与申诉启动再审程序难、纠错难问题交织。在《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改时,应当合理定位刑事再审程序在刑事诉讼中的地位,与时俱进更新刑事再审理念,在启动程序上,对启动主体、时间、条件等问题予以优化;在审理方式上,遵循“特别程序应当特别安排”的整体思路,进一步明确审理法院、开庭审理、审理范围以及审级制度等问题,推动刑事再审程序的进步与完善。As an unconventional means of relief,the criminal retrial procedure determines that its operational concept should seek a balance between"correcting errors according to law"and"maintaining the stability of effective judgments and rulings".By"seeking truth from facts,mistakes will be corrected"concept of the formation of judicial habits,China's judicial practice of criminal retrial of two situations,one is a mistake will be corrected,while ignoring the judicial decision of the res judicata,the exhaustion of the right to appeal,do not distinguish between the nature of the error and the size of the problem,resulting in the legal and prosecutorial organs to start the retrial process and the parties to the complaint is more casual;Second,the initiation of retrial proceedings is directly linked to changes in the original judgment or ruling,leading to the intertwining of the ease of filing a complaint with the dificulty of filing a complaint to initiate retrial proceedings and the difficulty of correcting errors.In the fourth revision of the Criminal Procedure Law,the status of the criminal retrial procedure in criminal proceedings should be reasonably positioned,and the concept of criminal retrial should be updated to keep pace with the times;in terms of the initiation procedure,the main body of the initiation,time and conditions should be optimized;in terms of the manner of the trial,the overall idea of"special procedures should be arranged in a special way"'should be followed,and the trial court,the court hearing and the trial should be clarified.In terms of the trial method,following the overall idea of"special procedures should be specially arranged",further clarifying the issues of trial court,trial session,trial scope and trial level system,and promoting the development of criminal retrial procedure.

关 键 词：再审程序 依法纠错 既判力 程序启动 审理程序 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]