有限公司股权对外转让中的公司同意权  

The Company Consent Right in External Share Transfers in Limited Companies

作　　者：龚浩川 Gong Haochuan

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第2期71-82,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“财产法视角下廉价表决权规制研究”(20CFX044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人合性是有限公司限制股权对外转让的重要理论基础,学界往往以人际信任作为其理论内核,并依此构建与适用相关制度。旧公司法的公司同意权也因此被误认为股东同意权,与优先购买权功能同质,终被新公司法删除。然而,优先购买权难以维系公司内部的信任与合作,也无法替代公司同意权为实际出资人显名、夫妻共有股权分割、股东资格监管等问题提供制度支撑。制度的失灵源于理论的局限。通过检视域外人合性的理论脉络与我国公司法的现实需求,发现应以组织信任拓展我国人合性的理论内涵,并辅以董事会主导型公司同意权解决前述问题。董事会主导型公司同意权可从新《公司法》第86条等股权转让规则获得解释论依据。为防止公司滥用同意权,司法解释应进一步明确公司在实体和程序上的行权限制规则。Personalism is a key theoretical foundation for the restriction of share transfer in limited liability companies.Academia often regards interpersonal trust as its core theory,which is used to build and apply related systems.This has led to the company consent right in the old Company Law being misinterpreted as shareholder consent right,making it functionally identical to the preemptive right,and ultimately resulting in its removal from the new Company Law.However,the preemptive right system struggles to effectively maintain internal trust and cooperation within the company.Issues such as actual investors revealing their identities,division of jointly held shares between spouses,and regulation of shareholder qualifications have lost the company consent right as their institutional support.The failure of the system stems from the limitations of the theory.By examining the theoretical context of personalism and the practical needs of China's Company Law,it is found that organizational trust should expand the theoretical connotation of personalism in China,thereby supporting the board-led company consent right to address the aforementioned issues.To prevent companies from abusing the consent right,judicial interpretations should further clarify the rules for exercising rights in both substantive and procedural aspects.

关 键 词：人合性 人际信任 组织信任 股权转让 公司同意权 

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