自然、法理与正义——黑格尔《伦理体系》对亚当·斯密自然法理学的批判与重构  

Nature,Jurisprudence and Justice:An Adam Simth Natural Jurisprudence Research based on Hegel’s System of Ethical Life

作　　者：翁少龙 Weng Shaolong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2025年第2期21-29,共9页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：福建省社科基金重点项目“基于文献学的黑格尔《伦理体系》研究”(FJ2024MGCA030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黑格尔的《伦理体系》中包含着诸多政治经济学话语,尤其是亚当·斯密的自由主义经济学。黑格尔对斯密经济学的研究虽然在伯尔尼和法兰克福时期还存有争议,但在耶拿时期则有直接的证据,而《伦理体系》就是其中的重要文本。本文从自然、法理、正义三个维度展开详细叙述。就自然而言,斯密强调自然的先天秩序,将自然及其效用看作发展其自由经济学的基础,而黑格尔更突出自然伦理在构建整个伦理体系中的作用,认为自然是不断扬弃自身的过程。就法理而言,斯密将自然性和神圣性同一起来,认为在法理中存在着神圣的意志,而黑格尔则将法理的基础设定在伦理和精神上,强调法理的主体性。就正义而言,斯密的正义观展现的是自然的平等性,突出了维护自由个体的作用,而黑格尔更强调伦理的平等性,将个体自由的实现纳入普遍的伦理体系之中。Hegel’s System of Ethical Life contains many political and economic discourses,especially Adam Smith’s liberal economics.Although Hegel’s research on Smith’s economics was still controversial during his Bern and Frankfurt periods,there was direct evidence during the Jena period,and System of Ethical Life is an important text among them.This article elaborates in detail from three dimensions:nature,law and justice.In terms of nature,Smith emphasizes the innate order of nature and regards nature and its utility as the foundation for developing its liberal economy,while Hegel emphasizes the role of natural ethics in constructing the entire ethical system,believing that nature is a process of constantly discarding itself.In terms of law,Smith equates naturalness and sacredness,believing that there is a divine will in law,while Hegel establishes the foundation of law on ethics and spirit,emphasizing the subjectivity of law.In terms of justice,Smith’s view of justice demonstrates the equality of nature,highlighting the role of maintaining free individuals,while Hegel emphasizes the equality of ethics,incorporating the realization of individual freedom into a universal ethical system.

关 键 词：自然 法理 物权 正义 

分 类 号：B516.35[哲学宗教—外国哲学]