乡村振兴战略背景下宅基地三权分置的法律构造及渐进式改革路径  

Legal Structure and Gradual Reform Path of the Separation of the Three Rights of Homestead under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

作　　者：刘灿 Liu Can

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2025年第2期85-95,共11页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“乡村振兴战略背景下宅基地三权分置的渐进式改革”(2024JKF02SK13);最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“民间借贷疑难问题研究”(GFZDKT2024C05-3)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宅基地三权分置改革中的三权分别为农村集体享有的所有权、集体成员享有的宅基地使用权和社会主体享有的宅基地之上的使用权。宅基地三权分置的改革进路并非一成不变的,而是处于动态调整当中,应随着乡村振兴战略的推进、土地财政依赖的消解以及物权法律制度的发展,以时间维度为主线、空间维度为补充,循序渐进地演进和发展。在时间维度上,改革作用于宅基地之上的使用权,通过动态调整该权利的内涵使其现阶段立足于解释论表现为间接盘活宅基地的农房居住权,未来会随着时间推移立足于立法论,依次显现为宅基地使用权分离出的物权性子权利宅基地经营权、宅基地使用权转权入市后的集体经营性建设用地使用权和去身份化后的宅基地使用权。在空间维度上,本次改革应在沿海等经济发达地区先行先试,逐步扩大到经济适中地区,最终改革范围覆盖全国。The three rights in the reform of the separation of three rights of homestead are ownership enjoyed by rural organizations,rural homestead-land-use-right enjoyed by members of rural organizations,and the right to use homestead land enjoyed by social entities.The reform path of separating the three rights of homestead land is not static,but is in a dynamic adjustment.The right to use homestead land will gradually evolve and develop with the promotion of rural revitalization strategy,the dissolution of land financial dependence,and the development of property rights legal system,with time dimension as the main line and spatial dimension as the supplement.In terms of time dimension,the reform affects the right of use of homestead land,dynamically adjusting the content of this right,which,at this stage,is based on interpretive theory and is manifested as indirectly revitalizing the rural housing residential right of homestead land.In the future,based on the theory of legislation,it will gradually manifest as the sub-right of property rights to operate homestead land which is seperated from rural homestead-land-use-right;the right of use of rural collective commercial construction land which is transfered from rural homestead-land-use-right and the rural homestead-land-use-right which is wiped out identity.In terms of spatial dimension,this reform will initially be piloted in economically developed regions and eventually expanded to the whole country.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 宅基地 三权分置 渐进式改革 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学]