采前喷施壳寡糖对采后西梅黑斑病的控制  

Control of Postharvest Prune Black Spot Disease by Preharvest Chitosan Oligosaccharide Spraying

作　　者：李文博 张新祺 赵亚婷 田瑞 吴颖颉 范雅青 张璇 李佳欣 朱璇 LI Wenbo;ZHANG Xinqi;ZHAO Yating;TIAN Rui;WU Yingjie;FAN Yaqing;ZHANG Xuan;LI Jiaxin;ZHU Xuan(College of Food Science and Pharmacy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Ürümqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第7期283-291,共9页Food Science

基　　金：自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02018-2);新疆维吾尔自治区天池英才引进计划-青年博士人才项目;南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(KYYJ201908)。

摘　　要：为探究采前喷施壳寡糖(chitosan oligosaccharides,COS)对采后西梅果实黑斑病的防控作用,本实验以新疆‘法兰西’西梅为试材,在西梅果实发育的4个时期(坐果期、膨大期、转色期及成熟期)分别用不同质量分数(0.05%、0.10%、0.20%)COS进行喷施处理,以喷施清水作为对照。采前COS处理的西梅果实经黑斑病链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)损伤接种后于温度(1.0±1.0)℃、相对湿度90%~95%条件下贮藏90 d,每15 d取样并测定相关指标,并探究COS对A.alternata的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,COS能显著抑制A.alternata菌落生长和孢子萌发,通过扫描电镜观察发现COS处理的A.alternata菌丝表面粗糙,粗细不均匀,部分出现塌陷,菌丝结构受到明显影响。采前喷施0.10%COS处理能显著抑制采后西梅果实接种A.alternata发病率与病斑直径的增加。采前喷施COS可增强超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶和肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性,促进总酚、类黄酮和木质素的积累并使贮藏前期H_(2)O_(2)快速累积,后期保持较低水平。综上,采前喷施COS可能通过直接抑菌和诱导抗病性两个途径增强采后西梅果实对黑斑病的抗性。本研究可为西梅果实的病害防控提供新的思路和理论依据。This study investigated the effect of preharvest application of chitosan oligosaccharides(COS)on the control of postharvest black spot disease in‘French’prune fruits.Prune fruits were sprayed with different concentrations of COS(0.05%,0.10%and 0.20%)or water as a control at four developmental stages(fruit set,enlargement,color change and maturity).After preharvest COS treatment,the fruits were inoculated with Alternaria alternata and stored for 90 days at(1.0±1.0)℃and a relative humidity of 90%-95%.Samples were taken every 15 days to measure relevant indicators.The in vitro inhibitory effect of COS on A.alternat was also tested.The results showed that COS significantly hindered the colony growth and spore germination of A.alternata.Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that the hyphae of A.alternata treated with COS exhibited a rough surface and were irregular in thickness with partial collapse,indicating notable disruption of the hyphal integrity.Notably,the preharvest application of 0.10%COS significantly inhibited the incidence of black spot disease and lesion progression in prune fruits inoculated with A.alternata during postharvest storage.Furthermore,preharvest COS treatment elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),chitinase(CHT),β-1,3-glucanase(GLU),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase(4CL),and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase(C4H),and facilitated the accumulation of total phenols,flavonoids,and lignin along with a rapid surge in H_(2)O_(2) levels during the early storage phase,which was maintained at lower levels in later stages.These findings suggest that the preharvest application of COS can enhance the black spot disease resistance of postharvest prune fruits by directly exerting an antifungal effect and inducing disease resistance.This study provides a new idea and theoretical basis for disease prevention and control in prune fruits.

关 键 词：壳寡糖 采前喷施 西梅 体外抑菌 诱导抗病性 

分 类 号：TS255.36[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]