农村老年人社会适应现状及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Social Adaptation Among Rural Elderly

作　　者：赵淼 郭丽莎 郭晓娟 张培华 胡久略 Zhao Miao;Guo Lisha;Guo Xiaojuan(Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine,Nanyang Institute of Technology,Nanyang,Henan,473004,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳理工学院张仲景国医国药学院,河南南阳473004

出　　处：《黑龙江医学》2025年第6期710-712,716,共4页Heilongjiang Medical Journal

基　　金：河南省高校人文社会科学研究项目(2023-ZZJH-270)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨农村老年人社会适应现状及分析其影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样方法,选取2023年3—9月应用一般情况问卷、家庭关怀度问卷、积极情绪和消极情绪量表对1 275名南阳市宛城区新店镇、驻马店市汝南县张楼镇农村老年人进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果:农村老年人有54.8%存在主观社会适应不良、65.0%存在客观社会适应不良。单因素分析结果显示:女性、经济来源为家人或其他、无配偶、独居、子女居住距离远、有家务参与、无经济参与、无休闲娱乐参与、无社会交往参与的农村老年人,主观社会适应与客观社会适应均较差,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.249、11.444、59.218、23.040、18.127、136.355、65.502、82.871、78.818,P<0.05);年龄越大、受教育程度越低、子女经济状况越差、家庭关怀度越差的农村老年人,主观社会适应与客观社会适应均越差,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=39.330、106.161、10.415、43.033,P<0.05)。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示:性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、居住状态、家庭关怀度、多元社会参与是农村老年人社会适应的主要影响因素。结论:农村老年人整体社会适应水平较差,建议村镇医护人员应重点关注高龄、女性、受教育程度低、无配偶、独居的老年人,子代适度承担家庭责任、提升家庭关怀,加强经济、休闲娱乐、社会交往等多元社会参与活动等方面,促进农村老年人积极适应社会变化,实现农村老年人健康老龄化。Objective:To explore the current situation and influencing factors of social adaptation among rural elderly.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1275 elderly people from March 2023 to September 2023 with general situation questionnaire,family care questionnaire,positive and negative emotion scale.The statistics were performed with SPSS 23.0 software.Results:54.8%of the elderly in rural areas had subjective social maladjustment and 65.0%had objective social maladjustment.The results of single factor analysis showed that:the rural elderly who were female,had family or other sources of income,had no spouse,lived alone,had children living far away,had housework participation,had no economic participation,had no leisure and entertainment participation,and had no social interaction participation had poor subjective and objective social adjustment,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=33.249,11.444,59.218,23.040,18.127,136.355,65.502,82.871,78.818;P<0.05).The older the rural elderly,the lower the education level,the worse the economic status of their children and the worse the family caring degree were,the worse the subjective social adjustment and the objective social adjustment were,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=39.330,106.161,10.415,43.033;P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,marital status,residence status,family caring degree and multiple social participation were the main influencing factors of social adaptation of the rural elderly.Conclusion:The overall social adaptation level of elderly people in rural areas is poor.It is suggested that that medical staff in rural areas should pay special attention to elderly people who are elderly,female,with low education,with no spouse,and living alone.Accordingly,it is necessary to take appropriate family responsibilities of their offspring,enhance family care,strengthen diverse social participation activities,such as economy,leisure and entertain

关 键 词：农村老年人 多元社会参与 家庭关怀 社会适应 影响因素 

分 类 号：R11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]