《黄帝内经》卫气理论还原与解析  

Reduction and analysis of the defensive qi theory in Huangdi Neijing

作　　者：贺娟[1] HE Juan(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《北京中医药大学学报》2025年第2期166-173,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.21&ZD349)。

摘　　要：卫气是《黄帝内经》的核心气学概念,虽然《黄帝内经》部分篇章乃至后世医家多将卫气与营气并称为营卫之气,认为两者互为依存,但实则卫气的地位与作用远超营气。根据《黄帝内经》所述,卫气在生命活动、疾病发生及针刺治疗中均发挥巨大作用。营气的内涵与理论相对简单、清晰,相比之下,《黄帝内经》记载的卫气循行、分布存在多种表述,其概念内涵与阳气、真气等皆存在一定的混杂与交叉,导致后世无法形成卫气理论系统且清晰的认识。本文基于先秦文献及《黄帝内经》记载,阐释卫气概念的形成与相关理论,卫气的发生背景为古代寒邪致病下艾灸疗法体现出的对人体健康的养护与疾病的治疗作用,是对哲学抽象之气的具化;卫气的循行存在自四末上至头面、自头面下行手足、自中焦十二经环周的3种模式,体现了医学实践与哲学思维的融合。《黄帝内经》中的卫气是与针灸之身形医学密切相关的医学术语,与营气比较,卫气以筋膜为循行路线、以肌肉分间为分布位置,与针刺疗效的发生密切相关,其在针灸治疗、生命科学研究中有较大的理论和临床价值。Defensive qi is a core concept of qi theory in the Huangdi Neijing.Some chapters of the Huangdi Neijing and later physicians often refer to both nutrient qi and defensive qi as ying-wei qi,viewing them as interdependent;however,the status and role of defensive qi far exceed that of nutrient qi.According to the Huangdi Neijing,defensive qi plays a crucial role in life activities,disease occurrence,and acupuncture treatment.However,the text also presents various descriptions of the circulation and distribution of defensive qi,with conceptual overlaps and interconnections with yang and genuine qi,resulting in a somewhat unsystematic understanding of defensive qi theory in later generations.This study elucidates the formation and foundation theories of defensive qi based on records from pre-Qin literature and the Huangdi Neijing.The background of the emergence of defensive qi lies in ancient moxa-wool moxibustion therapy,used to treat diseases caused by cold pathogens,which embodies the nurturing and therapeutic effects on human health and represents a concretization of the abstract philosophical concept of qi.The circulation of defensive qi exists in three patterns:from the extremities to the head and face,from the head and face to the hands and feet,and circularly through the twelve meridians originating from the middle jiao.These patterns reflect the integration of medical practice and philosophical thought.In the Huangdi Neijing,the concept of defensive qi is a medical term closely related to somatological medicine,rooted in acupuncture and moxibustion practices.Defensive qi circulates between the muscles and within the fascia and is closely associated with the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.Defensive qi holds great theoretical and clinical value in modern acupuncture treatment and life science research.

关 键 词：黄帝内经 卫气 营气 真气 阳气 经脉 

分 类 号：R221[医药卫生—中医基础理论]