“用手探取”义的“够”的语源  

The Etymology of“Gòu”(彀/够)in the Sense of“Reaching Out with One’s Hand to Grab”

作　　者：吕小雷 LV Xiaolei(Center for Regional Literature and Cultural Studies,Tongren University,Tongren 554105,Guizhou)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院区域文学与文化研究中心,贵州铜仁554105

出　　处：《阜阳师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期52-57,共6页Journal of Fuyang Normal University:Social Science

基　　金：贵州省哲学与社会科学规划青年项目“《出三藏记集》失译经语言研究”(21GZQN27);铜仁学院2021年博士科研启动基金项目“中古汉译佛经中的佛化汉词”(trxyDH2113)。

摘　　要：现代汉语中“够”可以表示“用手探取”的意义,在近代汉语中,其书写形式还有“勾”“彀”“搆”等,“搆”表示“伸手拿东西”义出现最早,在北宋、元代文献有见,另外“搆”还有适用对象不是“手”的“接触、及、达到”义。“搆”的这两种意义和现代汉语中“够”的“用手探取”义、“接触、及、达到”义相近。表示“用手探取”义的“够”的语源或当是“搆”,具体演变过程为“交积木材、构架房屋”→“合、交”→“接触、及”→“用手探取”。In modern Chinese,the word“gòu”(够)can express the meaning of“reaching out with one’s hand.”In early modern Chinese,it was also written as“gōu”(勾),“gòu”(彀),“gòu”(搆),etc.The earliest use of“gòu”(搆)to mean“reaching out with one’s hand to grab something”can be found in documents from the Northern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty.Additionally,“gòu”(搆)also had the meaning of“contact,reach,or attain,”which did not specifically refer to the hand.These two meanings of“gòu”(搆)are similar to the modern Chinese meanings of“gòu”(够)as“reaching out with one’s hand to grab”and“contact,reach,or attain.”The etymology of“gòu”(够)in the sense of“reaching out with one’s hand to grab”may be traced back to“gòu”(搆).The specific evolution process is from“stacking wood to build a structure”to the meaning of“joining,intersecting,”then to“contact,reach,”and finally to“reaching out with one’s hand to grab.”

关 键 词：《近代汉语词典》 “搆” “够” 语源 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]