战国思想史脉络中的慎到与《慎子》  

Shen Dao and Shenzi in the Context of the Thought History in the Warring States Period

作　　者：张雪枫 ZHANG Xuefeng(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2025年第2期24-36,共13页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“黄老道家思想史”(16ZDA106)。

摘　　要：《慎子》作为稷下学者少有的保留下来的著作,长期以来没有得到应有的重视。《慎子》被历代书志列为法家,又有韩非子吸收慎到之“势”的成说加固了这一印象。近年来,随着马王堆帛书《黄帝四经》的出土,我们对战国黄老思想有了新的认知,也激活了对战国黄老学相关文献的研究,《慎子》也在其列。从实际的考察来看,《慎子》思想以道法结合、君齐万民、因循无为以及得助成势等特征为主,具有深刻的黄老色彩。深入研究《庄子》《荀子》对于慎到的批判,可以弥合慎到形象与《慎子》文本之间的差距,从而将历史记载形象与文本典籍之思想合而为一。通过考察《慎子》与《黄帝四经》,可以进一步确定今本《慎子》的黄老道家基本倾向。由《庄子》《荀子》对慎到的批判,结合《韩非子》对慎到“势”思想的吸收,可以看到慎子的黄老思想在战国中后期发挥了较大的影响。Shenzi,one of the scarce preserved works of Jixia scholars,has not been given due attention for a long time.Categorized as Legalist by historical bibliographies,this impression has been reinforced by Hanfeizi's incorporation of Shen Dao's concept of “Shi”(势).In recent years,with the Ma WangDui silk manuscripts the Four Classics of Huangdi excavated,we have developed new cognition about Huang-Lao thought during the Warring States Period,activating interest in related literature,including Shenzi.From the actual investigation,Shenzi's thought is characterized by the integration of Taoism and Legalism,the harmonious relationship between the ruler and the people,adherence to the principle of Wuwei(无为),and leveraging potential power.These features impart a profound Huang-Lao hue to Shenzi's work.A thorough analysis of Zhuangzi's and Xunzi's critiques of Shen Dao can bridge the gap between the image of Shen Dao and the text of Shenzi,thus combining the image of the historical record and the thought of the text into one.By scrutinizing Shenzi and the Four Classics of Huangdi,we can further ascertain the basic tendency of Huang-Lao Taoism in the current version of Shenzi.From the critiques of Shen Dao in Zhuangzi and Xunzi,combined with the absorption of Shen Dao's thought of “Shi”(势)in Hanfeizi,it can be seen that Shen Dao's Huang-Lao Taoism thought actually exerted a greater influence in the mid and late Warring States Period.

关 键 词：慎到 《慎子》 思想史 黄老道家 道法 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]