马克思劳动正义观及其对劳动幸福的现实观照——兼论新时代高校劳动观教育的基本内容  

Marx’s View on Labor Justice and Its Realistic Reflection on Labor Happiness——On the Basic Content of Labor Concept Education in Universities in the New Era

作　　者：贺汉魂 赖明珠 HE Hanhun;LAI Mingzhu(School of Marxism,Hunan First Normal University,Changsha 410205,China;Yuelu Academy,Hunan University,Changsha 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南第一师范学院马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410205 [2]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2025年第2期48-56,共9页Qilu Journal

基　　金：湖南省教育规划重点项目“贯彻马克思劳动伦理观推进新时代学校劳动观教育研究”(XJK22ZDJD37)。

摘　　要：马克思强调劳动是人的类本质活动,这是劳动幸福命题成立的根本理论依据。劳动应是实现劳动幸福的正义劳动,包括劳动过程正义与劳动后果正义两大方面,马克思劳动本质论说明了实现劳动幸福的劳动是劳动的有用性超过其有害性的劳动。马克思关于劳动的基本要素的论述说明了劳动主体正义与劳动客体正义是实现劳动幸福的根本前提。劳动主体正义的实质是劳动对劳动者的有用性超过有害性,公正分配劳动义务是实现劳动主体正义的根本基础。劳动客体正义即劳动资料(劳动生产而成的生产资料)所有权正义,马克思劳动主体正义论说明了全体国民是国土等自然资源的共同所有者,生产资料应归劳动者共同所有。马克思强调劳动是人的自觉意识支配的活动,说明了劳动动机正义是劳动幸福的深层动因。马克思关于劳动是过程性活动的论述说明了劳动过程正义是劳动幸福的关键环节,充分保障劳动权利是确保劳动过程正义、实现劳动幸福的关键环节。Marx emphasized that labor is the essential activity of human beings,which serves as the fundamental theoretical basis for the establishment of the proposition of labor happiness.Labor should be a form of just labor that achieves labor happiness,encompassing two aspects:labor process justice and labor consequence justice.Marx's theory of labor essence explains that labor that achieves labor happiness is labor where its utility outweighs its harmfulness.Marx's discourse on the basic elements of labor demonstrates that the justice of the labor subject and object is the fundamental prerequisite for achieving labor happiness.The essence of labor subject justice lies in the fact that labor is beneficial than harmful to workers,and fair distribution of labor obligations is the fundamental foundation for achieving justice among labor subjects.The justice of the object of labor pertains to the justice of ownership of means of production.Marx's theory of justice of the subject of labor shows that all citizens are the common owners of natural resources such as land,and the means of production produced by labor should be owned by workers.Marx emphasized that labor is an activity governed by human consciousness,indicating that labor motivation and justice are the underlying impetus for labor happiness.Marx's discourse on labor as a procedural activity demonstrates that labor process justice is a key link to labor happiness,and ensuring adequate protection of labor rights is a pivotal aspect of guaranteeing justice in the labor process and achieving labor happiness.

关 键 词：马克思 劳动正义 劳动幸福 劳动教育 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学]