民事缺席判决中被告诉权保障实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Guarantee of the Defendant’s Litigious Rights in Civil Default Judgments

作　　者：常敏慧 陈志超 Chang Minhui;Chen Zhichao(Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2025年第5期65-68,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：为切实解决“立案难”的问题,我国实施了立案登记制改革,在降低诉讼门槛的同时,原告滥诉风险明显增加,从而侵害被告诉权。以裁判文书网中的101篇裁判文书为样本进行分析,发现存在因恶意诉讼、送而不达等导致缺席判决,侵害被告诉权的问题,破坏当事人诉讼权利平等原则。针对这些问题,探寻出通过对原告撤诉后再起诉进行合理的限制、健全诉讼文书送达方式、赋予缺席被告异议救济和请求损害赔偿的权利、完善被告诉权保障的解决路径,以期在实践中对缺席审判的被告诉权提供更有效的保障。In order to effectively solve the problem of“difficulty in case-filing”,China has implemented the reform of the case-filing registration system.While lowering the litigation threshold,the risk of plaintiffs’abusive litigation has significantly increased,thus infringing on the defendant’s litigious rights.By analyzing 101 judicial documents from the Judgments Online platform,it is found that there are problems such as default judgments caused by malicious litigation and unsuccessful service of process,which violate the defendant’s litigious rights and undermine the principle of equality of the litigation rights of the parties.In response to these issues,this paper explores solutions including reasonably restricting the plaintiff from re-filing a lawsuit after withdrawal,improving the service methods of litigation documents,endowing the absent defendant with the right to dissent,relief,and claim for damages,and perfecting the guarantee of the defendant’s litigious rights.The aim is to provide more effective protection for the defendant’s litigious rights in default trials in practice.

关 键 词：缺席判决 被告诉权 审级利益 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]