导管架平台井口区天然气泄漏火灾模拟与安全评价  

Fire simulation and safety evaluation of natural gas leakage in the wellhead area of offshore jacket platforms

作　　者：黄焱[1,2,3] 张勐 朱本瑞[1,2] HUANG Yan;ZHANG Meng;ZHU Benrui(School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Port and Ocean Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Offshore Oil Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300452,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300350 [2]天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300350 [3]天津大学港口与海洋工程天津市重点实验室,天津300350 [4]海洋石油工程股份有限公司,天津300452

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期843-851,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51509184)。

摘　　要：为研究导管架平台井口区天然气泄漏引发的喷射火灾对平台结构、设备及人员安全性的影响,对比防火墙和被动防火材料(Passive Fire Protection,PFP)的保护效果,采用计算流体软件开展了不同泄漏速率下可燃气云燃烧发展过程的模拟,得到平台着火区域附近支撑结构及周边设备的热通量时空变化特征,进而基于热通量评价准则,对平台结构、设备、人员及防火措施的效果进行安全评价。结果表明:不同泄漏速率下,井口区火灾发展与蔓延趋势不同,小泄漏火灾主要影响平台中层甲板井口区;中等泄漏火灾对平台中层甲板的影响范围最大,人员逃生最为不利;高泄漏时则主要影响平台中层甲板北侧区域,但会对上层甲板的模块安全性造成威胁。泄漏速率越大,火焰覆盖区的平台主支撑及设备的稳态热通量越大,破坏时间越短。在相同的火灾场景下,防火墙能够比PFP对设备起到更好的安全防护效果。To assess the impact of jet fires resulting from natural gas leaks in the wellhead area of offshore jacket platforms on the safety of structures,equipment,and personnel,we conducted simulations using computational fluid dynamics software.This study compares the effectiveness of firewalls and Passive Fire Protection(PFP)materials.The simulation focuses on the combustion development process of combustible gas clouds at various gas leakage rates.The temporal and spatial characteristics of heat fluxes experienced by the structure and surrounding equipment near the flame combustion zone were analyzed.Building on this data,safety evaluations were conducted for the platform's structure,equipment,and personnel,as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of fireproofing measures,utilizing heat flux evaluation criteria.The results indicate that the evolution and spread of fires vary significantly under different gas leakage scenarios.In cases of minor gas leaks,the fire primarily impacts the wellhead area on the middle deck of the platform.Conversely,during medium gas leak incidents,the flames affect the largest area of the middle deck,placing personnel in the greatest danger and making evacuation the most challenging.In scenarios involving high gas leakage,the fire primarily impacts the northern side of the middle deck of the platform.However,it also poses a significant threat to the safety of the drilling equipment and the drilling support module located on the upper deck.Higher leakage rates correspond to increased steady-state heat flux experienced by the main support structures and equipment within the flame-affected area of the platform.As a result,the structure and equipment become more vulnerable to damage,with the time to failure decreasing.In the same fire scenario,the firewall offers superior protection to the equipment compared to PFP materials.

关 键 词：安全工程 导管架平台 天然气泄漏 火灾仿真 防火措施 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]