山东省某地级市中小学生视力不良现状及影响因素研究  

Study on the current situation and influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in a prefecture-level city of Shandong Province

作　　者：张凯 王飞 郑重 姜照[3] 孙月琳[3] ZHANG Kai;WANG Fei;ZHENG Zhong;JIANG Zhao;SUN Yue-lin(School of Public Health,Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东潍坊261053 [2]山东省济宁市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264000 [3]山东省烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第2期166-171,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：烟台市社会科学规划研究项目(YTSK-2022-187);山东省卫生健康政策研究课题(WZY202316);山东省学校卫生协会课题(SDWS2023079)。

摘　　要：目的探究山东省某地级市中小学生视力不良现状及主要影响因素,为学生视力防控提供技术指导。方法2021年9—11月对14个区(市)采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取57所中小学的12162学生,进行视力检查与问卷调查。采用SPSS 25.0软件使用χ^(2)检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归对学生视力不良的影响因素进行分析。结果共调查12162中小学生,视力不良率为75.2%,其中女生视力不良率(77.6%)高于男生(73.7%),郊区视力不良率(78.8%)高于城区(74.8%),住校生视力不良率(85.9%)高于走读生(75.7%),中学生视力不良率(82.3%)高于小学生(58.1%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.02,χ^(2)=5.04,χ^(2)=375.74,χ^(2)=115.43,P均<0.05)。研究结果显示,班级座位至少每月调换1次(OR=0.843,95%CI:0.764~0.931)、每天做眼保健操(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.519~0.840)、每天放学后作业时长≤2h(OR=0.809,95%CI:0.716~0.915)、不躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕(OR=0.696,95%CI:0.596~0.614)、不在关灯后看电子屏幕(OR=0.073,95%CI:0.604~0.802)、父母均不近视(OR=0.491,95%CI:0.446~0.541)、平均每天睡眠时间≥8h(OR=0.566,95%CI:0.506~0.634)是视力的保护因素(P均<0.05)。家长不限制看电子屏幕(OR=1.354,95%CI:1.202~1.524)、眼睛距离书本不超过33 cm(OR=1.147,95%CI:0.042~1.206)、过去1年没有做过视力检查(OR=1.448,95%CI:1.300~1.614),父母不提醒读写姿势(OR=1.153,95%CI:1.048~1.270)等是视力的危害因素(P均<0.05)。结论山东省某地级市中小学生视力不良率较高。研究发现,睡眠时间与视力检查是影响学生视力的重要因素。建议学校落实“双减”政策,减轻学生课业负担,增加学生的睡眠时间;教育部门与医疗部门应定期开展视力检查,加强对学生健康用眼的宣传教育;政府应该针对不同学段、性别及地区制定不同的视力防控措施,并加强对中学生、女生、郊区学生等重点人群的关注。Objective To explore the current situation and main influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in a prefecture-level city of Shandong province,so as to provide technical guidance for students'eyesight prevention and control.Methods By using the method of stratified cluster random sampling from September to November in 2021,12162 students from 57 primary and middle schools were selected for vision examination and questionnaire survey.SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the influencing factors of students'poor eyesight byχ^(2)test and multi-factor unconditional Logistic regression.Results A total of 12162 primary and middle school students were investigated,the rate of poor eyesight was 75.2%,in which the rate of poor vision of female students(77.6%)was higher than that of male students(73.7%),and that of suburban students(78.8%)was higher than that of urban students(74.8%).The rate of poor eyesight of resident students(85.9%)was higher than that of day students(75.7%),and that of middle school students(82.3%)was higher than that of primary school students(58.1%).The differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=26.02,χ^(2)=5.04,χ^(2)=375.74,χ^(2)=115.43,all P<0.05).The results show that classes change seats at least once a month(OR=0.843,95%CI:0.764-0.931),do eye exercises every day(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.519-0.840),do homework for less than 2 hours after school(OR-0.809,95%CI:0.716-0.915),do not lie down or lie down to read books or electronic screens(OR=0.696,95%CI:0.596-0.614),and do not look at electronic screens after lights are turned off(OR=0.073,95%CI:0.604-0.802),parents'myopia(OR=0.491,95%CI:0.446-0.541)and average sleep time≥8 hours per day(OR=0.566,95%CI:0.506-0.634)were protective factors of visual acuity.Parents'unrestricted viewing of electronic screen(OR=1.354,95%CI:1.202-1.524),eye distance from books not more than 33cm(OR=1.147,95%CI:0.042-1.206),no visual examination(OR=1.448,95%CI:1.300-1.614)in the past year,and parents'failure to remind reading and wri

关 键 词：视力不良 健康用眼 青少年 影响因素 回归分析 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] C479[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]