减氮配合秸秆对马铃薯产量及土壤物理性状的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Straw on Potato Yield and Soil Physical Properties

作　　者：郭爱琴 王雯[1] 方玉川 孙利军 边江东 王小英 GUO Ai-qin;WANG Wen;FANG Yu-chuan;SUN Li-jun;BIAN Jiang-dong;WANG Xiao-ying(School of Modern Agricultural sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院现代农学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]榆林市农业科学研究院,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《榆林学院学报》2025年第2期73-77,110,共6页Journal of Yulin University

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBMS-205)。

摘　　要：秸秆替代化肥被认为是一种绿色高效的施肥模式,能减少化肥施用量的同时提高作物产量并改善土壤物理性状,但这种施肥模式对榆林耕地和马铃薯产量的影响尚未得到充分评估。为此,本研究通过大田随机区组试验,为此,本研究利用豆类秸秆等氮量替代一定比例的化肥,开展大田随机区组试验,共设置4个处理,分别为常规施肥(CK)、20%秸秆等氮量替代氮肥(JN1)、30%秸秆等氮量替代氮肥(JN2)和40%秸秆等氮量替代氮肥(JN3),每个处理设置3次重复,研究秸秆替代氮肥对马铃薯产量和土壤性状的影响。结果表明:秸秆替代氮肥可有效提高马铃薯苗期土壤含水量,提升幅度约为13.44%~13.92%,同时显著降低了马铃薯成熟期各土层温度,平均下降3.7~8.2℃;在马铃薯株高、茎粗和产量方面,并未观察到显著差异。鉴于榆林地区马铃薯产业发展与化肥施用问题,需要考虑更多的指标来全方位评价秸秆替代化肥对土壤的影响。Replacing chemical fertilizer with straw is considered as a green and efficient fertilization model,which can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied while increasing crop yield and improving soil physical properties.However,the effect of this fertilization model on the yield of cultivated land and potato in Yulin has not been fully evaluated.Therefore,this study conducted a field randomized block experiment.To this end,this study used bean straw to replace a certain proportion of chemical fertilizers with the same amount of nitrogen,and carried out a field randomized block experiment.A total of 4 treatments were set up,namely conventional fertilization(CK),20%of straw nitrogen replacement nitrogen fertilizer(JN1),30%of straw nitrogen replacement nitrogen fertilizer(JN2)and 40%of straw nitrogen replacement nitrogen fertilizer(JN3).Each treatment was repeated three times to study the effect of straw replacement nitrogen fertilizer on potato yield and soil properties.The results show that the substitution of straw for nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the soil water content of potato seedling stage by about 13.44%~13.92%,and significantly reduce the soil temperature of potato maturity stage by an average of 3.7~8.2°C.No significant differences are observed in potato plant height,stem diameter and yield.In view of the development of potato industry and the application of chemical fertilizers in Yulin,more indicators need to be considered to comprehensively evaluate the impact of straw replacing chemical fertilizers on soil.

关 键 词：减氮 秸秆 马铃薯 产量 土壤 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]