乾隆朝的朱熹《社仓事目》讨论——兼论朱熹社仓思想的历史影响  

Discussion on Zhu Xi’s Social Warehouse Catalogs in the Qianlong Period-Also on the Historical Influence of Zhu Xi’s Social Warehouse Thought

作　　者：常建华[1] Chang Jianhua

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国社会史研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第2期42-50,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多样性:辽宋西夏金元明清的日常生活与地方社会研究”(20JJD770009)。

摘　　要：南宋朱熹设计、试行《社仓事目》15条,影响深远。清乾隆五年(1740年)皇帝要求各省督抚探讨朱熹《社仓事目》,选择了其中的11条,未被讨论的则是时过境迁不合时宜以及琐碎之条。从陕西、甘肃、山东、云南、福建、浙江、江西7省地方督抚奏折来看,已设立的社仓制度与朱熹《社仓事目》比较名异实同,督抚认为因地制宜适当调整即可,乾隆帝则认可地方官的实践。此后又有地方官员不断讨论社仓问题,涉及朱熹《社仓事目》。乾隆帝在康熙、雍正二帝强调民生、试行社仓的基础上,继续借鉴朱熹社仓法,正是在朝廷要求关注民生的背景下,地方官推行社仓。清朝君臣对于社仓的重视,延续了朱熹等宋儒的思想并聚焦于民生问题,形成更加明确具体的民生观。Zhu Xi,a notable figure of the Southern Song dynasty,developed and sought to implement the 15 articles of Social Warehouse Catalogs,which had a profound and far-reaching influence.In the fifth year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing dynasty(1740),the emperor asked the provincial governors and inspectors to examine 11 articles from Zhu Xi’s Social Warehouse Catalogs.The remaining four articles were considered out of date and trivial,thus were not included in the discussion.From the memorials submitted by provincial governors and inspectors of seven provinces—Shaanxi,Gansu,Shandong,Yunnan,Fujian,Zhejiang,and Jiangxi—it was believed the contemporary social warehouse system and the system in Zhu Xi’s Social Warehouse Catalogs were different in name but identical in reality.As a result,governors believed that certain proper adjustment were needed according to local conditions.Emperor Qianlong acknowledged the practice of local officials.Following this,local officials engaged in continuous discussions regarding the social warehouse and its relation to Zhu Xi’s Catalogs.On the basis of the policies of emphasizing people’s livelihood and implementing social warehouse system during Kangxi and Yongzheng Period,Emperor Qianlong continued to draw on Zhu Xi’s methods about social warehouse.The implementation of social warehouse system by local officials was in the context of the central government’s call to prioritize people’s livelihoods from the central government.The Qing emperors and officials acknowledged the importance of social warehouse,following the principles of Zhu Xi and other Song Confucians.This focus on people’s livelihood led to a clearer and more specific understanding of the significance of people’s livelihood.

关 键 词：朱熹 社仓 乾隆朝 民生观 历史影响 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]