历史唯物主义对古典政治经济学之哲学前提的超越  

The Transcendence of Historical Materialism over the Philosophical Premises of Classical Political Economy

作　　者：周诗婷 ZHOU Shiting(School of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《铜仁学院学报》2025年第1期18-27,共10页Journal of Tongren University

摘　　要：历史唯物主义最为深刻有力之处,就是在于对存在前提与思维前提的反思批判。古典政治经济学由社会唯物主义作为其哲学前提所架构,但此前提本身就是最大的唯心主义。早期,马克思恩格斯并未察觉到自身对社会现实的理解受到社会唯物主义的潜在限定,而是将其作为既有的思维框架默识下来,并在其中对社会现象进行批判。人本主义思想倾向进一步掩盖了社会唯物主义的存在迹象,且被误认为是一种具有超拔性力量的批判武器。直到马克思恩格斯对包括人本主义在内的一切旧唯物主义进行批判时,在反对客体性决定论的层面上,社会唯物主义被间接地超越了。后来,随着由内在矛盾推动社会发展的科学历史观的建立,在反对否定矛盾客观性、割裂历史连续性的层面上,社会唯物主义被进一步超越。最终,在物质生产关系完成对社会关系的理论重构,剩余价值理论揭示现代社会经济运行规律,历史唯物主义为现实变革与未来图景提供实践指引时,社会唯物主义才被真正地超越。The most profound and powerful aspect of historical materialism lies in the reflection and criticism of the premises of existence and thinking.Classical political economy is constructed by social materialism as its philosophical premise,but this premise itself is the greatest idealism.In their early days,Marx and Engels did not realize that their understanding of social reality was potentially limited by social materialism,but instead internalized it as an existing framework of thought and criticized social phenomena within it.The humanistic ideological tendency further conceals the signs of the existence of social materialism and is mistaken for a critical weapon with transcendent power.Until Marx and Engels criticized all old materialism,including humanism,social materialism was potentially surpassed in opposing objectivity determinism.With the establishment of a scientific historical view,which explains that the development of society is driven by internal contradictions,social materialism has been further surpassed in opposing negating the objectivity of contradiction and separating from historic continuity.Finally,after the theoretical reconstruction of material production relations to general social relations,the theory of surplus value revealing the laws of modern socio-economic operation,and historical materialism offering practical guidance to the realistic changes and future pictures,social materialism was truly surpassed.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 社会唯物主义 古典政治经济学 哲学前提 

分 类 号：B516.35[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B0-0