孤独症谱系障碍个体自我偏差效应特点、机制及边界条件  

Characteristics,Mechanisms,and Boundary Conditions of Self-Bias Effects in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

作　　者：杜亚雯 张瑶 张文君 卜晓鸥 DU Yawen;ZHANG Yao;ZHANG Wenjun;BU Xiaoou(Department of Special Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部特殊教育学系,上海200062

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2024年第12期12-20,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：自我偏差效应是指人们倾向于优先处理与自我高度相关的信息,这有利于个体形成准确和全面的自我。孤独症谱系障碍个体存在一定的自我缺陷,但目前对于孤独症谱系障碍个体自我偏差效应的特点,为何以及何时表现出自我偏差效应还缺乏系统的了解。本研究首先基于身体自我和心理自我两大领域梳理了孤独症谱系障碍个体自我偏差效应的特点,其次从孤独症谱系障碍个体自我表征是否受损以及受损程度的角度揭示其自我偏差效应的内在机制,并提出年龄、自我刺激类型和他人熟悉度等因素潜在的影响。未来研究需进一步厘清不同自我领域下孤独症谱系障碍个体自我偏差效应的差异和联系,挖掘该效应的潜在边界条件,拓展现有研究方法,以此来推动对孤独症谱系障碍个体自我缺陷的了解。The self-bias effect refers to the tendency to prioritise information that is highly relevant to the self,which facilitates individuals to form an accurate and comprehensive self.Individuals with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)have certain self-deficits,but there is a lack of systematic understanding of the characteristics of the self-bias effect in individuals with ASD,and why and when it is manifested.In this study,we firstly reviewed the characteristics of the self-bias effects in individuals with ASD based on the two domains of physical self and psychological self,and then revealed the underlying mechanisms of the self-bias effects from the perspectives of whether and to what extent the self-representation of is impaired in individuals with ASD,and suggested the potential effects of factors such as age,type of self-stimuli and familiarity with others.Future research is needed to further clarify the differences and associations of the self-bias effects in individuals with ASD across different self domains,to explore the potential boundary conditions of the effect,and to expand the existing research methodology,so as to advance the understanding of self-deficits in individuals with ASD.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 自我偏差效应 身体自我 心理自我 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]