北美海蓬子对养殖尾水盐度和营养盐水平的适应能力研究  

The Adaptability of Salicornia bigelovii to Salinity and Nutrient Levels in Aquaculture Effluent

作　　者：迟赛赛 李秋芬[2] 罗梓峻 孙波 田文杰 马莹 董志国 崔正国[2] CHI Saisai;LI Qiufen;LUO Zijun;SUN Bo;TIAN Wenjie;MA Ying;DONG Zhiguo;CUI Zhengguo(College of Marine Science and Fisheries,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222000,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院,江苏连云港222000 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2025年第2期248-257,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42176219);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD091200)共同资助。

摘　　要：为研究耐盐植物北美海蓬子(Salicornia bigelovii)对海水养殖尾水不同营养盐浓度和盐度配比的适应能力,分别配制低(LNC)、中(MNC)、高(HNC)3个营养盐浓度等级和0、20、30、404个盐度等级交叉的海水养殖尾水,灌溉培育60 d,同时测定北美海蓬子的生长(地上部生长高度、茎节数、腋芽与分支数、生物量)和生理[叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)]指标。结果显示,在中低营养盐水平下,0~30盐度范围内北美海蓬子地上部生长高度、茎节数、腋芽与分支数以及鲜重、干重积累量最高可达15.86 cm、13节、18个、29.88 g、1.35 g,显著高于40盐度水平的11.52 cm、10节、12个、21.2 g、0.72 g(P<0.05),且在盐度20及30下更有利于其茎节分化,而当盐度达到40时植株受到明显胁迫,北美海蓬子MDA含量显著高于其他盐度水平(P<0.05)。高营养盐条件下,盐度40虽不利于植株干物质积累,但其他生长指标无显著性差异,说明营养盐浓度的升高可以有效减轻不同盐度对北美海蓬子生长差异性的影响并缓解高盐度下的胁迫效应;同时,高营养盐处理组平均叶绿素含量为3.24 mg/(g·FW),显著高于低营养盐组[2.28 mg/(g·FW)]和中度营养盐组[2.45 mg/(g·FW)](P<0.05),说明营养盐浓度升高促进了植株叶绿素合成。因此,北美海蓬子可耐受0~30的盐浓度范围,适度盐度(20、30)更有利于其生长,此外,提高营养盐浓度可以缓解盐胁迫作用及削弱不同盐度对北美海蓬子生长造成的差异性,并有利于叶绿素合成。综上所述,北美海蓬子可作为净污植物处理高盐度富营养化养殖尾水,同时具有作为耐盐植物进行大规模推广应用的潜力。The rapid development of mariculture has resulted in the direct discharge of untreated nutrient-rich effluents containing organic matter,inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus,and other nutrients into the ocean,which can lead to eutrophication,causing excessive algae growth,disrupting marine ecological balance,and presenting serious threats to coastal ecosystems.Therefore,the effective treatment and resource utilization of aquaculture effluents have become urgent considerations.The current methods for treating aquaculture effluents include physical,chemical,and biological approaches.Biological treatment,particularly using plants,is widely used owing to its environmental friend nature.Plants can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from water,thereby facilitating the degradation and treatment of pollutants.Therefore,using nutrient-rich aquaculture effluents for plant irrigation reduces environmental pollution and cultivates economically viable halophytes,maximizing resource utilization.However,the high salinity of mariculture effluents limits the use of traditional terrestrial plants,making the selection and cultivation of halophytes that can thrive in high-salinity environments a notable research topic.Although various halophytes have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of mariculture effluents,their salinity tolerance range is often below that of natural seawater,with some plants presenting ecological risks or having poor regional adaptability.Therefore,Salicornia bigelovii,known for its unique salt tolerance,broad ecological adaptability,and economic value,has attracted considerable attention.This study aimed to explore the adaptability and potential of S.bigelovii in treating aquaculture effluents by analyzing its growth and physiological-biochemical responses under different nutrient concentrations and salinity conditions.Through a cross-experiment with four salinity levels(0,20,30 and 40)and three eutrophication levels(LNC:low nutrient concentration,MNC:moderate nutrient concentration,and HNC:high nutr

关 键 词：耐盐植物 北美海蓬子 海水养殖尾水 盐胁迫 富营养化 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55