高速列车内地板隔声性能优化研究  

Optimization of Floor Sound Insulation Performance of High-speed Trains

作　　者：吴鑫 张艳斌 曹江萍[2] 卢耀辉[1] WU Xin;ZHANG Yanbin;CAO Jiangping;LU Yaohui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Chengdu 610056,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031 [2]中国测试技术研究院,成都610056

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2025年第2期139-144,249,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275428);四川省科技厅重点研发计划项目(22ZDYF3050)。

摘　　要：为降低高速列车的车内噪声水平,基于传递矩阵声学模型,对碳纤维层合板进行优化设计;首先,采用Sobol灵敏度方法,研究板的厚度、材料密度、杨氏模量和泊松比对层合板隔声量的影响,灵敏度分析表明,厚度对传声损失的影响最大;其次,以层合板各层厚度作为优化变量,以隔声量和面密度作为优化目标,采用非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)对层合板进行双目标优化,pareto解集表明,层合板厚度分别是1.5、61和2.5 mm时,质量和声学性能的平衡状态最佳;最后,建立声固耦合模型,对优化结构进行声学仿真和试验测试,并对比高速列车内地板隔声数据。结果表明,传递矩阵和声固耦合模型的预测精度都满足工程要求;相比于高速列车内地板,碳纤维层合板的计权隔声量提高15.6 dB(A),单位面积质量下降3 kg。To reduce the noise level in the high-speed trains,the carbon fiber sandwich panel was optimized based on the transfer matrix acoustic model.Firstly,the Sobol sensitivity method was used to research the effects of plate thickness,material density,Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio on the sound insulation of the sandwich panels.The sensitivity analysis showed that thickness has the greatest influence on sound transmission loss.Then,taking the thickness of each layer of the sandwich panel as the optimization variable,sound transmission loss and areal density as the optimization goal,the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II.)was used to carry out the double-objective optimization of the sandwich panel.The Pareto solution set showed that the balance state of mass and acoustic performance is the best when the sandwich panel thickness is 1.5,61 or 2.5 mm,respectively.Finally,a sound-solid interaction model was established,acoustic simulation and experimental tests were carried out on the optimized structure,and the floor sound insulation data in high-speed trains were compared.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the transfer matrix and the acoustic-solid interaction model meets the engineering requirements.Compared to the floor inside the high-speed train,the weighted sound insulation of carbon fiber sandwich panels is increased by 15.6 dB(A),and the mass per unit area is reduced by 3 kg.

关 键 词：声学 碳纤维层合板 隔声量 传递矩阵 灵敏度 非支配排序遗传算法 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]