国有企业效率研究文献回顾及有关效率理论的进一步探讨  

Literature Review on the Efficiency of State-owned Enterprises and Further Discussion on Efficiency Theory

作　　者：荣兆梓 RONG Zhaozi(Institute for Advanced Study of Economic and Social Development,Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学经济与社会发展高等研究院

出　　处：《政治经济学季刊》2024年第4期1-24,共24页Political Economy Quarterly

摘　　要：本文支持国有企业相对效率论,认为不同所有制经济面对不同的市场结构、产业环境和企业规模,会有各自的相对效率优势,国有企业的绩效取决于其制度与更广泛的发展环境之间的匹配程度。在回顾国有企业效率研究文献基础上,本文总结了改革开放以来国有企业效率演变的大致过程,从经济学两种不同效率理论的讨论入手,对文献中观点分歧的成因做出初步的研判。本文认为,既有的全要素生产率计算方法在数据获取中分歧太多,而且因为新古典经济学的理论缺陷,不同研究者的计算结果总是大相径庭,几乎不存在结论的可重复性,这使得全要素生产率作为生产效率的测度指标作用有限。必须在马克思劳动价值论的基础上对全要素生产率的计算方法做出实质性改变,以夯实计量研究的理论基础,提高计算结果的可靠性和可比性。这是正确认识国有企业效率现状,特别是近二十年来国有企业生产效率显著提高的必要前提。This paper supports the relative efficiency theory of state-owned enterprises(SOEs),arguing that different ownership structures exhibit relative efficiency advantages depending on market conditions,industrial environments,and enterprise sizes.Therefore,SOEs'performance hinges on the alignment between their organizational systems and the broader developmental context.After reviewing the existing literature on SOE efficiency,we outline the general evolution of SOE efficiency since the reform and opening-up period.Starting with a discussion of two competing efficiency theories in economics,we offer a preliminary analysis of the divergent views in the literature.The paper contends that existing total factor productivity(TFP)calculation methods suffer from significant discrepancies in data collection and are marred by the theoretical limitations of neoclassical economics.As a result,findings across studies are often inconsistent,with little reproducibility of conclusions,limiting TFP's effectiveness as a measure of production efficiency.To address this issue,substantial revisions are needed in TFP calculation methods,drawing on Marx's labor theory of value.Such revisions would strengthen the theoretical foundation of measurement research and enhance the reliability and comparability of the results.This,in turn,is crucial for a more accurate understanding of SOEs'current efficiency,particularly concerning the substantial productivity gains observed in SOEs over the past two decades.

关 键 词：国有企业 效率 相对效率 全要素生产率 全劳动生产率 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]