从抽象的感性到具体的感性——论马克思对康德感性理论的超越和继承  

From Abstract Sensibility to Concrete Sensibility--On Marx's Transcendence and Inheritance of Kant's Sensibility Theory

作　　者：刘少明 Liu Shaoming(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期10-19,共10页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《资本论》的时间理论及其对中国式现代化的意义研究”(项目批准号:24BKS006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思的感性理论从感性的社会性、历史性和实践活动性三方面继承和超越了康德的感性理论,实现了从抽象感性理论向具体感性理论的演进。首先,马克思对感性能力和感性对象的社会性的论述,超越了康德离开社会谈感性的抽象理论,但是又继承了康德对于感性偏好和共感的论述。其次,马克思对感性能力形成的历史性和感性解放的历史性的论述超越了康德的静态感性理论,同时又继承了康德文化进步与感性能力界限的理论。最后,感性的实践活动为社会性与历史性视域下的超越奠定了基础,并在感性的主动性、现象界与自由意志的连接、感性与真理、感性与理性的关系问题上超越了康德的论述,但马克思又承认了康德将感性作为知识来源的观点,同时继承了用感性实践活动来证明人的自由的做法。研究马克思对于康德感性理论的继承和超越,有助于我们更好地理解他对于康德理论的传承,理解他的感性理论的重要意义。theory of leaving society to talk about perception,but also inherits Kant's exposition of perceptual preference and sympathy.In the historical perspective,Marx's historicity of the formation of perceptual competence and the historicity of the liberation of perception surpass Kant's static perceptual theory,and at the same time inherit Kant's theory of the boundaries between cultural progress and perceptual competence.The perspective of perceptual activity lays the foundation for the transcendence of the first two fields,and surpasses Kant's exposition on the issues of perceptual initiative,the connection between phenomena and free will,perception and truth,and the relationship between perception and reason;however,Marx acknowledges Kant's perception as the source of knowledge and inherits the practice of proving human freedom.The study of Marx's inheritance and transcendence of Kant's perceptual theory will help us better understand his inheritance of Kant and the significance of his perceptual theory.

关 键 词：马克思 康德 感性 超越 继承 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]