对康德自律观的规范论解释  

The Normative Interpretations of Kantian Autonomy

作　　者：孙小玲 Sun Xiaoling(Department of Philosophy,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学哲学系,南昌330031

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期44-53,共10页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：康德的自律观意在展示意志与普遍的实践理性法则之间的一致性,这一理念在自身中包含了两个可能互为冲突的要素,即自由的要素与法则的普遍性要素,对自律的规范解释可以被看作缓解这一冲突的一个尝试,同时也是后形而上学语境中对康德自律及其法则的一种被广泛接受的解释。这一解释的主要特质在于将康德的定言命令看作理性行为能力的一个构成性要素,从而基于理性能力概念对定言命令做出界说和证明,并因着对理性行为能力规定之侧重点不同而有所不同。通过引入不同于工具理性的辩护理性概念,赖斯给出了涵盖道德法则的内容与约束力的规范论解释,但这一理智主义的规范论解释忽略了康德自律观中的自由要素,所以,阿利森引入了先验自由观念以修正补充自律的规范论解释,笔者认为这一修正只有在将先验自由首先理解为一个道德而非思辨的理念的情形下才有是有效的。Kant's idea of autonomy is meant to demonstrate the coherence between the will and the universal laws of practical reason,and thus contains in itself two elements that may conflict with each other,namely the elements of freedom and the elements of the universal law.The normative interpretation of autonomy can be seen as an attempt to alleviate this conflict.It is a widely accepted interpretation of Kant's autonomy and its laws in a post-metaphysical context.The main characteristic of this interpretation is that it regards the universal form of legislation as a constitutive element of rational agency,and seeks to explain and deduce the content and binding nature of Kant's categorical imperative from a concept of rational agency,and hence varies according to the emphasis of the stipulation of the rational agency.By introducing a concept of justifying reason different from the instrumental concept of reason,Andrew Reath gives a normative explanation that covers the content and binding force of the moral law,but this intellectualist normative interpretation ignores the element of freedom in Kant's idea of autonomy,so H.Allison incorporates a concept of transcendental freedom to amend this normative interpretation of self-discipline,which the author believes is only effective if the transcendental freedom is first understood as a moral rather than a speculative idea.

关 键 词：规范论解释 自律 普遍性法则 理性行为能力 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]