帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的适用困境及其克服  

The Application Dilemma and Responses to the Crime of Helping Information Network Criminal Activities

作　　者：于改之 陈博文 Yu Gaizhi;Chen Bowen

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学 [2]上海交通大学廉政与法治研究院 [3]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《数字法治》2025年第1期87-102,共16页DIGITAL LAW

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“法域协调视域下权利滥用行为的刑法评价研究”(项目编号:22BFX039)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪面临“明知”认定不清、“犯罪”界限不明、共犯处理不一、竞合处断混乱的适用困境。究其原因,关键在于帮信罪的性质一“违法连带性”的认定及其判断规则函待明确。“违法连带性”具有事实与规范的双重属性。事实层面,应考察帮信罪主体是否为上游犯罪提供了必要条件或支持、行为之间因果链的紧密程度以及行为在物理和精神上对犯罪的直接影响。规范层面,应以规范保护目的为指引,评估帮助行为对整个犯罪行为链的功能性贡献。“明知”涵盖对行为“违法连带性”的认知,并对整体法秩序的损害有认识;帮助行为可以分为“强连带性”“部分连带性”及“弱连带性”三个类型;在竞合的场合下,宜将帮信罪与诈骗罪等认定为想象竞合关系。The crime of helping information network criminal activities faces the application dilemma of unclear identification of"knowing",unclear boundaries of criminality,inconsistent handling of accomplices,and chaotic treatment of overlapping crimes.The key reason is that the rules of determining the nature of the crime of helping information network criminal activities,i.e.the"joint liability for illegality",needs to be established.The concept of"joint liability for illegality"has dual attributes of fact and norm.At the factual level,it is necessary to examine whether the subject of this crime has provided necessary conditions or support for the upstream crimes,the closeness of the causation relationship between behaviors,and the direct physical and mental impacts of behaviors on the crime.At the normative level,the functional contribution of aiding behavior to the entire criminal behavior chain should be evaluated for the purpose of normative protection."Knowing"encompasses the awareness of the"joint liability for illegality"and damage of the behavior to the overall legal order.The helping behaviors can be divided into three types:strong,partial,and weak joint liability behaviors.In the context of overlapping crimes,it is advised to consider the crime of helping information network criminal activities and the crime of fraud and other related crimes as imaginary overlapping relationship.

关 键 词：帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪 共同犯罪 违法连带性 规范保护目的 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]