“一切人反对一切人的战争”——义和团运动总爆发前的社会形态分析  

"The war of all against all."——Analysis of social patterns before the general outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion

作　　者：张瑞[1] Zhang Rui(Institute for Chinese Legal Modernization Studies,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiang su,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《理论观察》2025年第3期100-105,共6页Theoretic Observation

摘　　要：义和团运动是19世纪40年代以来中国社会出现的各种矛盾的一次总爆发。19世纪末,人口爆炸落入“马尔萨斯陷阱”的山东西部与南部地区的生态环境和社会经济已经到了总崩溃的边缘。自然灾害带来的生存危机叠加帝国主义“洋教”入侵带来的民族危机迫使农民选择了底层家庭武装化、士绅结社、会门组织化的群体化生存策略和集体暴力。同时,“洋教”势力进一步争夺生存资源并成为某种意义上的“新话事人”。由此导致“教民”与“团民”零和博弈般的对立。最终“神助拳”赋魅的义和团在代天行诛的正义逻辑下走向了总爆发,也即走向了实质意义上的“一切人反对一切人的战争”状态。The Boxer Rebellion was a general outbreak of various contradictions in Chinese society since the 1840's.At the end of the 19th century,the ecological environment and socio-economic situation in the western and southern regions of Shandong,where the population explosion had fallen into the"Malthusian Trap",had reached the brink of total collapse.The natural disasters brought about by the survival crisis superimposed on the national crisis brought about by the imperialist"foreign religion"invasion forced the peasants to choose the bottom of the family armament,the gentry association of the organization of the social sector of the group survival strategy and collective violence.At the same time,the forces of"foreign religion"further competed for survival resources and became a sense of"new talkers".This leads to a zero-sum game-like confrontation between the"church people"and the"group people".In the end,the Boxer Rebellion,empowered by"God-assisted fist",went to a general outbreak under the logic of justice on behalf of heaven,i.e.,it went to the state of"the war of all against all"in the substantive sense.

关 键 词：义和团运动 地理因素 共同体 

分 类 号：K256.7[历史地理—历史学]