19世纪中后期英国大学课程变革的新旧之争  

The Debate Between the Old and the New in the Curriculum Reform of British Universities in the Late 19th Century

作　　者：李先军[1] 张礼华 LI Xianjun;ZHANG Lihua

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2025年第2期112-120,共9页University Education Science

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2022年度教育部重点课题“英国大学教育思想史研究(文艺复兴至20世纪)”(DOA220438)。

摘　　要：大学课程改革必然面对新旧势力间因利益冲突所产生的争执。19世纪上半叶英国率先完成第一次工业革命,社会整体面貌发生变化,大学课程亟待变革。“牛桥”等传统大学的课程较少关注社会发展所需专业知识及技能,它们代表保守派利益;伦敦大学属于新大学,代表新兴资产阶级利益,它与“牛桥”办学理念不同,尤其体现在课程方面。双方围绕大学课程变革的论争表现在“有神论”或“无神论”、“古典化”或“现代化”、“贵族性”或“平民性”之争。最终受国家法令干预、社会力量推动等影响,“牛桥”和伦敦大学的课程在一定程度上趋于一致,世俗化、现代化和大众化成为其课程改革的主旋律。我国推动课程改革可借鉴19世纪中后期英国大学课程变革的经验:立足时代需求,建设与社会发展相契合的大学课程;强化专业培养,创设能力导向的大学课程;积极参与西方课程理论对话,构建中国特色课程理论。University curriculum reform inevitably faces disputes arising from conflicts of interest between old and new forces.In the first half of the 19th century,Britain was the first to complete the First Industrial Revolution,and society underwent significant changes,making university curriculum reform urgent.The curricula of traditional universities such as“Oxbridge”(Oxford and Cambridge)paid little attention to the professional knowledge and skills required by societal development,representing the interests of conservative factions.The University of London,as a new university,represented the emerging bourgeoisie’s interests and differed in its educational philosophy from“Oxbridge”,especially in terms of curriculum.The debate between the two sides over curriculum reform manifested in discussions on issues such as theism or atheism,classical or modern,and aristocratic or popular.Ultimately,under the influence of national laws and social forces,the curricula of“Oxbridge”and the University of London converged to some extent,with secularization,modernization,and popularization becoming the main themes of curriculum reform.The experience of British university curriculum reform in the late 19th century can offer valuable lessons for China’s current curriculum reform:base reforms on the needs of the times;develop university curricula that align with societal development,emphasize professional training;create competence-oriented university curricula;and actively engage in dialogues with Western curriculum theories to build a Chinese curriculum theory with distinctive Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：英国 大学课程 课程变革 课程论争 复杂性思维 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]